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Patho-Pharm Year 1 > Patho-Pharm Week 1 - Fundamentals > Flashcards

Patho-Pharm Week 1 - Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

Define “Pharmaceutics”

A

How dosage forms influence the way the drug affects the body

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2
Q

Is absorption faster in acidic fluids or alkaline fluids?

A

Acidic fluids

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3
Q

What is the slowest PO med type?

A

Enteric-coated tablets

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4
Q

Define “Pharmacokinetics”

A

Process of drug movement to achieve drug action

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5
Q

What are the four stages of pharmacokinetics?

A

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion

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6
Q

What organ causes the first-pass effect?

A

Liver

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7
Q

What route of drug is susceptible to the first-pass effect?

A

PO (by mouth)

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8
Q

What is the first-pass effect?

A

When a drug is extensively metabolized by the liver before it can reach circulation

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9
Q

Define “Onset”

A

The time it takes a drug to reach minimum effective concentration

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10
Q

Define “ Peak”

A

Occurs when the drug reaches its highest blood concentration

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11
Q

Define “Duration”

A

The length of time the drug has pharmacologic effect

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12
Q

Define “Half-life”

A

The time it takes for half of the original drug to be eliminated

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13
Q

How many half-lives do most drugs have?

A

5

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14
Q

During which half-life does the drug have most of its effect?

A

1

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15
Q

What is a “steady state”?

A

When the amount of drug removed via elimination is equal to the amount of drug absorbed with each dose

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16
Q

Define “Pharmacodynamics”

A

Mechanisms of drug actions in living tissues

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17
Q

What is a therapeutic response?

A

When a drug corrects or makes a positive change in the body

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18
Q

What two things can drugs modify when reached the site of action?

A

Rate at which the cell function + Function of the cell

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19
Q

What are the three types of drug actions?

A

Receptor, Enzyme, Nonselective

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20
Q

What are the two types of drug-receptor interaction?

A

Agonistic + Antagonistic

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21
Q

Define “Agonistic”

A

Elicits a response from the cell

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22
Q

Define “Antagonistic”

A

Does not elicit a response from the cell

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23
Q

What are nonselective drug interactions?

A

The drug interferes with a cellular process

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24
Q

What are enzyme drug interactions?

A

Inhibits or enhances the action of a specific enzyme

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25
What are receptor drug interactions?
Receptor interacts with the drug on the cell membrane
26
What are the four nursing responsibilities during assessment of administering meds?
- Current medication - Pregnancy - Concurrent illness, allergies, sensitivtities - Contraindications
27
What are the five nursing responsibilities during monitoring drugs?
- Client's condition (therapeutic effect) - Side effects - Adverse effects/reactions - Toxic effects - Interactions
28
What is an additive effect?
The combined effect of two or more substances is equal to the sum of their individual effects
29
What is a synergistic effect?
The combined effect of two or more substances is greater than the sum of their individual effects
30
What is an antagonistic effect?
When you take two drugs, one diminishes/counteracts the effects of the other
31
What is incompatibility with drugs?
When two drugs are taken together and leave an undesired effect
32
What is a teratogenic?
Substance that can form malformations in the fetus
33
What is a mutagenic?
Substance that can cause mutations
34
What is a cancinogenic?
Substance that can cause cancer
35
What is the chemical name of a drug?
The drugs chemical composition
36
What is the generic name of a drug?
Name given by Health Canada
37
What is the trade name of a drug?
Trademark name
38
What is the absorption of a drug?
Movement of a drug from the site of administration into the bloodstream
39
What is bioavailability?
How much of the administered drug reaches the bloodstream
40
Where are most oral drugs absorbed in the GI tract?
Small intestine
41
What is drug distribution?
Transport of a drug by the bloodstream to its site of action
42
What are five factors that impact drug distribution?
- Blood flow - Capillary permeability - Protein binding - Volume of distribution - Solubility
43
What three states can biotransformation (metabolism) turn a drug into?
- Inactive - Active - Soluble
44
What is the CYP450 system responsible for?
Metabolism in the liver
45
What does the CYP450 system do to the drug?
Makes it more water soluble
46
What is drug excretion?
Elimination of the drug from the bodt
47
What are the four ways we can excrete drugs?
- Urine - Bile - Exhale - Feces
48
Finish the sentence; "Cells can adapt by either increasing or decreasing in __, __, and __.
Size, number, structure
49
Define "Atrophy"
Decrease (shrinkage) in the size of cells
50
Define "Hypertrophy"
Increase in the size of cells
51
Define "Hyperplasia"
Increase in the # of cells, too many cells
52
Define "Dysplasia"
Abnormal change sin the size, shape, and organization of mature cells
53
What can dysplasia indicate?
Cancer
54
Define "Metaplasia"
Replacement of a mature cell by another less differential cell type
55
What injury is a collection of blood in soft tissues?
Hematoma
56
What is the medical term for "Bruise"?
Contusion
57
What is a tear in the skin called?
Laceration
58
What is a flap of lacerated skin?
Avulsion
59
What is a severed limb called?
Amputation
60
What is the removal of the superficial layers of the skin?
Abrasion
61
What are the three phases of wound healing?
- Inflammatory phase - Proliferative Phase - Remodeling Phase
62
What are the two types of B cells?
- Plasma B cell - Memory B cell
63
What are the three types of T cells?
- Helper T cell - Cytotoxic T cell - Memory T cell
64
What is antibody agglutination?
Making pathogens clump together
65
What is antibody antitoxins?
Neutralising the toxins produced by the bacteria
66
What is antibody lysis?
Digesting the bacteria membrane, killing it
67
What is antibody opsonization?
Coats pathogen in a protein that identifies them as foreign
68
What are the two catecholamine hormones?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
69
Which hormone is responsible for sodium balance?
Aldosterone
70
Which nervous system branch is responsible for the stress response?
Automatic nervous system

Patho-Pharm Year 1 (6 decks)

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