Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Patho-Pharm Year 1 > Patho-Pharm Week 2 - CNS > Flashcards

Patho-Pharm Week 2 - CNS Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Glasgow Coma Scale used for?

A

Measure a person’s level of consciousness after a head injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is anterograde amnesia?

A

When a person can’t remember what happened after their concussion (can’t form new memories)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is retrograde amnesia?

A

When a person can’t remember what happened before their concussion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How are concussions diagnosed?

A

Via exclusion of other conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Differentiate decorticate and decerebrate

A

Decorticate - arms in on the chest
Decerebrate - arms out on sides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Is decorticate posture abnormal flexion or extension?

A

Flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is an Epidural Hematoma found?

A

Between the skull and the dura mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the source/cause of an Epidural Hematoma?

A

Tear in an artery, forming a pocket of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What other injury is associated with an Epidural Hematoma?

A

Skull Fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where is a Subdural Hematoma found?

A

Between the dura and the arachnoid mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is a Subarachnoid Hemorrhage found?

A

Under the arachnoid mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Do Subarachnoid Hemorrhages form pockets or fill a continuous space?

A

Fill a continuous space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do Subarachnoid Hemorrhages create intracranial pressure in the brain?

A

It creates symmetrical intracranial pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

As a nurse, what are the four key steps when treating someone with intracranial pressure?

A
  1. Lying done, head 45 degrees
  2. Hyperventilation
  3. Hypertonic saline IV
  4. Medications
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does hyperventilation help mediate intracranial pressure?

A

CO2 gets out, blood vessels constrict and get smaller, leaving more space inside the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does tilting someone’s head down to 45 degrees help with intracranial pressure?

A

It helps facilitate venous drainage from the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How does hypertonic saline help with intracranial pressure?

A

Due to the high sodium concentration, it facilitates drawing water out of brain cells and into the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is Mannitol (drug)?

A

Osmotic diuretic, pulling fluid from tissues and into the plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are Loop Dieuretics (drug)?

A

Work on the loop of henle by reducing sodium reabsorption and therefore promoting water and sodium elimination from the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What the main function of corticosteroids (drug)?

A

Reduces inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the main function of barbiturates (drug) in intracranial pressure?

A

They keep agitation seizures under control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is an aneurysm?

A

Weakened bulging area in the wall of a blood vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where are berry aneurysms found in the brain?

A

Circle of Willis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What brain injury do berry aneurysms cause if they rupture?

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is a “coup” traumatic brain injury?

A

Injury occurred at the site of impact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is a “contrecoup” traumatic brain injury?

A

Injury occurred on the opposite site of impact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What happens if your spine fracture is at C1-C2?

A

Death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What happens if your spine fracture is at C4-C7?

A

Quadriplegic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What happens if your spine fracture is at L1-L2?

A

Paraplegic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Below which vertebra dose your spinal cord injury need to be so you can still breath?

A

C5

31
Q

What is hyperreflexia?

A

Excess reflex response to a stimuli after a spinal cord injury

32
Q

What is the most severe case of hyperreflexia

A

Clonus

33
Q

What is clonus?

A

There is so much stimulation to a muscle group that the opposite muscle group kicks in and causes a back and fourth vibration movement

34
Q

What is a myelogram?

A

Using dye and x-rays to look for problems in the spinal cord

35
Q

What type of tissue/cell will brain tumors never be made of?

A

Neurons

36
Q

What are the 3 types of intracerebral brain tumors?

A
  • Astrocytoma
  • Glioblastoma multiform
  • Pituitary adenoma
37
Q

What are the 2 types of extracerebral brain tumors?

A
  • Meningioma
  • Neurofibroma
38
Q

What type of tissue do astrocytomas arise from?

A

Astrocytes

39
Q

Are astrocytomas homogenous tumors?

A

Yes

40
Q

What type of tissue do glioblastoma multiforms arise from?

A

Mature glial cells

41
Q

Are glioblastoma multiforms fatal?

A

Yes

42
Q

What are homogenous brain tumors?

A

Tumors that have a consistent appearance throughout its structure

43
Q

What type of brain tumor are very rapid growing?

A

Glioblastoma multiform

44
Q

Where are pituitary adenomas operated through?

A

The nose

45
Q

What is a large consequence to removing a pituitary adenoma?

A

Lack of hormones

46
Q

Do pituitary adenomas metastasize?

A

No

47
Q

What type tissue do meningiomas arise from?

A

Arachnoid cells

48
Q

What factor of meningioma tumors determine the severity?

A

Location

49
Q

What type of tissue do neurofibromas arise from?

A

Schwann cells

50
Q

Seizures vs Epilepsy

A

Seizure - event of abnormal brain function
Epilepsy - medical condition characterized by having multiple seizures

51
Q

What is a convulsion seizures?

A

Seizure characterized by clonic-tonic movement, person’s body will shake uncontrollably

52
Q

What is a generalized seizure?

A

Occurs on both brain lobes

53
Q

What is a focal (partial) seizure?

A

Occurs only on one lobe

54
Q

What are three important triggers for seizures?

A
  • Febrile illnesses
  • Use of stimulant drugs (like cocaine)
  • Withdrawal from depressant drugs (like alcohol)
55
Q

What is status epilepticus?

A

Multiple seizures without regaining consciousness OR seizures lasting over 30 mins

56
Q

What is the post-ictal state?

A

Time period immediately following a seizures, marked by fatigue

57
Q

What confirms someone had a seizure?

A

Fatigue (post-ictal state) following a seizure

58
Q

What is an Aura (seizure)?

A

Partial seizure that immediately precedes a seizure

59
Q

What is a Prodroma?

A

Early manifestation that can occur hours to days before a seizure (unwell feeling before you have a seizure)

60
Q

What are the two big medications given for seizures?

A
  • Benzodiazepines
  • Phenytoin
61
Q

What is the effect of benzodiazepines?

A

Sedation

62
Q

What is the effect of phenytoin?

A

Decreases abnormal brain activity

63
Q

What is the 3rd leading cause of death in North America?

A

Strokes

64
Q

What is the leading cause of disability?

A

Strokes

65
Q

What is the more common type of stroke?

A

Ischemic

66
Q

What causes an ischemic stroke?

A

Blood loss supply in the brain

67
Q

What causes a hemorrhagic stroke?

A

Bleeding in the brain due to a ruptured blood vessel

68
Q

What is a TIA (transient ischemic attack)

A

Mini stroke, indicating a warning of an upcoming stroke

69
Q

What are the two types of ischemic strokes?

A

Embolic
Thrombotic

70
Q

What is the difference between embolic and thrombotic strokes?

A

Embolic - clot forms somewhere else in the body and travels
Thrombotic - clot form in a cerebral artery

71
Q

What is the main drug used for ischemic strokes?

A

TPA

72
Q

What’s the window for administering TPA for ischemic strokes?

A

4.5 hours

73
Q

Why is blood pressure brought down for hemorrhagic strokes?

A

To prevent losing more blood from the rupture

74
Q

nipi

A

Patho-Pharm Year 1 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions