patho- digestive

Question 1

malabsorption syndrome of the small intestines- atrophy of the intenstinal lining; autoimmune disease

Answer 1

celiac disease

Question 2

cholelisthias

Answer 2

presence of gall stones

Question 3

hyperbilirubinemia

Answer 3

increased levels of bilirubin in the blood= jaundice

Question 4

pre-hepatic jaundice

Answer 4

increased unconjugated bilirubin levels (result of excessive destruction of RBC’s ~hemolytic anemia or bad transfusion

Question 5

intra-hepatic jaundice

Answer 5

increase in both unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin (occurs with disease or damage to hepatocytes in liver)

Question 6

post-hepatic jaundice

Answer 6

increase in conjugated bilirubin (obstruction of bile duct)

Question 7

cell-mediated immune response to virus; only DNA virus (viral hep)

Answer 7

Hep B

Question 8

most common type transmitted by blood transfusion. direct action of virus; RNA virus (viral hep)

Answer 8

Hep C

Question 9

transmitted by fecal-oral route; RNA virus (viral hep)

Answer 9

Hep A & E

Question 10

best estimation of kidney function

Answer 10

Glomerular filtration rate

Question 11

secretion stimulated by angiotensin II to increase blood volume

Answer 11

aldosterone

Question 12

____secreted by posterior pituitary gland

Answer 12

ADH

Question 13

makes the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts more permeable for increased reabsorption of water

Answer 13

ADH

Question 14

cloudy urine means

Answer 14

increased protein blood bacteria pus

Question 15

low specific gravity of urine indicates

Answer 15

diluted urine

Question 16

High BUN (blood urea nitrogen) indicates

Answer 16

failure to excrete nitrogen wastes (due to decreased GFR)

Question 17

Elevated renin levels indicate

Answer 17

kidney as the cause of hypertension

Question 18

infection of bladder or urethra the extends into the kidney

Answer 18

pyelonephritis