Patho-cardio Flashcards
most specific blood test for MI
troponin (increases substantially within 4-6 hours and peaks 10-24 hours
initial compensation for congestive heart failure to keep up with cardiac output
cardiac hypertrophy
CHF “forward effect”
less blood reaches organs
- decreased cell function leads to lethargy and fatigue
- mild acidosis from the build up of lactic acid = increased respiration
CHF “back up congestion”
blood sits in ventricle b/c less blood being pumped out by affected ventricle than the amount of blood coming into the ventricle
when blood accumulates in pulmonary circulation (pulmonary edema)
left-sided CHF
when blood accumulates in systemic circulation (peripheral edema)
right-sided CHF
“forward effects” signs and symptoms (SAME FOR BOTH SIDES)
general hypoxia, dyspnea, fatigue, dizziness, exercise intolerance, cold intolerance
“back-up”effects signs and symptoms (LEFT SIDE)
cough, dyspnea, orthopnea (fluid accumulates in lungs while laying down), Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
compensation mechanisms CHF
tachycardia, vasoconstriction, daytime oliguria
“back up” effects signs and symptoms (RIGHT SIDE)
increased blood volume in systemic circulation (edema), jugular vein distention, cerebral edema (flushed face, headache), ascites (distention of tummy)
high blood pressure is defined as having ____ mmHG
140/90 mmHg
pre-hypertension
bp between 120/80 and 139/89
localized dilation and weakening of arterial wall from defect in tunica media
aortic aneurysm
develops when there is a tear in the tunica intima of the wall and blood continues to dissect tissues
dissecting aneurysm
circumferential dilation along a section of an artery
fusiform aortic aneurysm
Defective heart valves are infected by normal flora (Streptococcus viridans; mouth)
subacute infective endocarditis
Normal heart valves are infected by highly virulent organism (Staphylococcus aureus)
acute infective endocarditis
May compress the heart (cardiac tamponade) → impair expansion and filling → decreasing cardiac output
pericardial effusion
slows conduction of heart impulses and HR but the contractions are stronger
digoxin
prevents SNS stimulation of the heart
beta blockers
Ca++ channel blockers
decrease cardiac contractility and vasodilates smooth muscle
ACE inhibitor
prevents vasoconstriction to decrease heart workload and decrease blood pressure
What converts angiotensin 1 to angiotensin II?
ACE
Where are lipids synthesized?
liver
inhibit cholesterol production in liver
statins
what might you have if you feel relief when you lean forward or sit upright to breathe?
pericarditis
