Patho Chap 3

Question 1

Tay Sachs

Answer 1

Inherited lososomal storage disease where the infant is unable to break down glycoproteins

Question 2

Peroxisomes

Answer 2

Smaller than lysosomes, they degrade long fatty acid chans. Acetyl CoA is made from fatty acids by perioxisiomes

Question 3

Methods of Chemical Signaling

Answer 3

3 Gap Junctions, Receptors and Release of signal molecules

Question 4

Gap Junctions

Answer 4

Cardiac cells communicate this way. AP’s are transmitted directly from one cell to the next

Question 5

Receptors

Answer 5

Signal molecule binds to the receptor site

Question 6

Release of signal molecules

Answer 6

Ex. Inflamatory Response

Question 7

Methods of Cellular Communication

Answer 7

4. Hormonal Signaling, Neuro Hormonal Signaling, Paracrine Signaling, Autocrine Signaling

Question 8

Hormone Signaling

Answer 8

Hormone travles through blood or Lymph. Ex. Insulin

Question 9

Neurohormonal Signaling

Answer 9

Hormones are released into the blood by neurosecretory neurons. Ex. ADH is produced by the Hypothalamus then transmitted along axons and stored in the pituiatry

Question 10

Paracrine Signaling

Answer 10

Cells secrete signaling molecules to nearby cells

Question 11

Autocrine Signaling

Answer 11

Molecules act back on the cell of origin

Question 12

Adenylyl Cyclase is converted to what by the G protein

Answer 12

cAMP

Question 13

2 common second Messengers

Answer 13

cAMP and Ca++

Question 14

Phases of Cellular Respiration

Answer 14

1. Digestion 2. Glycolosis 3. Citric Acid Cycle

Question 15

Products of Glycolosis

Answer 15

2 pyruvic Acid 2 NADH 2 ATP

Question 16

If inadequate O2 available to what and where is pyruvic acid converted

Answer 16

Converted to lactic acin in the Liver

Question 17

Products of Citric Acid Cycle

Answer 17

1 GTP, 3 NADH 1 FADH2

Question 18

How many ATP are produced from Glycolosis (anerobic)

Answer 18

2 net ATP

Question 19

How many ATP are produced from Oxidative Phosphorilation (aerobic)

Answer 19

26 NET 2.5 ATP per NADH and 1.5 ATP pre FADH2

Question 20

Normal Plasma Osmolality

Answer 20

280- 294 mOsm/ kg

Question 21

Osmolality is measured in?

Answer 21

Kg Weight

Question 22

Osmolarity is measured in

Answer 22

L Volume

Question 23

How much of the electrochemical gradient is caused by the Difference in Na and K

Answer 23

80%

Question 24

How much of the electrochemical gradient is caused but the Na/K pump

Answer 24

20%

Question 25

Normal K in the cell

Answer 25

150 mEq/ L

Question 26

Notmal K outside the cell

Answer 26

5 mEq/ L

Question 27

Normal Na in the cell

Answer 27

14 mEq/L

Question 28

Normal Na outside the cell

Answer 28

140 mEq/L

Question 29

Phases of the Cell Cycle

Answer 29

Interphase –> Mitotic Phase –> Cytokinesis

Question 30

Steps of the Interphase

Answer 30

G0 –> G1 –> S –> G2

Question 31

Steps of the Mitotic Phase

Answer 31

Prophase –> Metaphase –> Anaphase –> Telophase