Patho Chap 3 Flashcards
Tay Sachs
Inherited lososomal storage disease where the infant is unable to break down glycoproteins
Peroxisomes
Smaller than lysosomes, they degrade long fatty acid chans. Acetyl CoA is made from fatty acids by perioxisiomes
Methods of Chemical Signaling
3 Gap Junctions, Receptors and Release of signal molecules
Gap Junctions
Cardiac cells communicate this way. AP’s are transmitted directly from one cell to the next
Receptors
Signal molecule binds to the receptor site
Release of signal molecules
Ex. Inflamatory Response
Methods of Cellular Communication
- Hormonal Signaling, Neuro Hormonal Signaling, Paracrine Signaling, Autocrine Signaling
Hormone Signaling
Hormone travles through blood or Lymph. Ex. Insulin
Neurohormonal Signaling
Hormones are released into the blood by neurosecretory neurons. Ex. ADH is produced by the Hypothalamus then transmitted along axons and stored in the pituiatry
Paracrine Signaling
Cells secrete signaling molecules to nearby cells
Autocrine Signaling
Molecules act back on the cell of origin
Adenylyl Cyclase is converted to what by the G protein
cAMP
2 common second Messengers
cAMP and Ca++
Phases of Cellular Respiration
- Digestion 2. Glycolosis 3. Citric Acid Cycle
Products of Glycolosis
2 pyruvic Acid 2 NADH 2 ATP
If inadequate O2 available to what and where is pyruvic acid converted
Converted to lactic acin in the Liver
Products of Citric Acid Cycle
1 GTP, 3 NADH 1 FADH2
How many ATP are produced from Glycolosis (anerobic)
2 net ATP
How many ATP are produced from Oxidative Phosphorilation (aerobic)
26 NET 2.5 ATP per NADH and 1.5 ATP pre FADH2
Normal Plasma Osmolality
280- 294 mOsm/ kg
Osmolality is measured in?
Kg Weight
Osmolarity is measured in
L Volume
How much of the electrochemical gradient is caused by the Difference in Na and K
80%
How much of the electrochemical gradient is caused but the Na/K pump
20%
Normal K in the cell
150 mEq/ L
Notmal K outside the cell
5 mEq/ L
Normal Na in the cell
14 mEq/L
Normal Na outside the cell
140 mEq/L
Phases of the Cell Cycle
Interphase –> Mitotic Phase –> Cytokinesis
Steps of the Interphase
G0 –> G1 –> S –> G2
Steps of the Mitotic Phase
Prophase –> Metaphase –> Anaphase –> Telophase