Anatomy Exam 2 Upper extemities Flashcards
Define Axilla
The area between the chest wall and the proximal upper arm
Define the course of the left subclavian artery
Arises from the aortic arch and is continuous with the Axillary artery
Course of the Right Subclavian artery
Arises from the brachiocephalic trunk and is continuous with the R axillary artery
Brachial artery bifurcates into ?
Radial and Ulnar
Define vena comitantes
Vins which lie beside and aretery, usually found in pairs. The arterial pulsations aid in venous return
Superficial veins of the arm
- Cephalic
- Basilic
- Median Cubital
Deep veins of the arm
- Axillary
- Subclavian
- Brachial
- Vena Comitantes
Course of the cephalic vein
Lateral aspect of the arm. Drains into the Axillary vein (at the shoulder)
Course of the Basilic Vein
Medial aspect of the arm. Drains into the brachial vain (midshaft of the humerus)
the Course of Median Cubital vein
Communication between the cephalic and basilica veins
Course of the axillary vein
Begins at the inferior border of the teres major and drains into the subclavian vein
course of the Subclavian vein
Arises from the Axillary vein. Drains into the brachiocephalic vein
Course of the Brachial Vein
Arises from the radial and ulnar veins (venae comitantes). Drains into the Axillary Vein
Course of the venae comitantes
Deep Radial and Ulnar veins which drain into the Brachial Vein.
Axillary nerve site of vulnerability
Neck of the humerus
Radial nerve site of vulnerability
Midshaft of the humerus
Ulnar nerve site of vulnerability
Medial epicondyle
Proximal Attachments of the Deltoid muscle
- Clavicle
- Acromion
- Spine of scapula
Distal attachments of the Deltoid
- Deltoid tuberosity
Action of the deltoid muscle
- Primary abductor of the arm at the shoulder joint
- Flexion and extension of the arm
Nerve supply of the deltoid muscle
Axillary nerve (C5-C6)
Course of the axillary nerve
- Travels through the quadrangular space
- Accompanies posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein
Function of the axillary nerve
Motor innervation to deltoid and teres minor (rotator cuff muscle), sensory innervation to shoulder joint and skin overlying deltoid
Implications of damage to the axillary nerve
weak arm and shoulder abduction, impaired sensations, shoulder contour loss
Base of the Axilla
- Axillary fascia
- Skin of the armpit
Apex of the Axilla
- Clavicle
- 1st Rib
- Superior part of the scapula
Anterior wall of the Axilla
- Clavipectoral fascia
- Pectoralis major and minor
Posterior wall of the axilla
- Triceps (long head)
- Teres major
- Subscapularis
- Latissimus dorsi
Medial wall of the axilla
- Serratus anterior
- Intercostal
- Upper rib cage
Lateral wall of the axilla
Humerus (intertubercular sulcus)
Contents of the axilla
- Axillary artery and vein
- Axillary lymph nodes
- Portions of the brachial plexus
- Biceps and corachobrachialis muscles
- Fascia
Roots of the brachial plexus
C5, C6, C7, C8 and T1
Trunks of the brachial plexus
- Superior
- Middle
- Inferior
Divisions of the brachial plexus
- Anterior
- Posterior
Cords of the Brachial plexus
- Lateral
- Lateral Pectoral
- Posterior
- A, B and C
- Medial
- Medial Pectoral
- Medial Cutaneous (Brachial)
- Medial Cutaneous (antibrachial)
Branches of the Brachial Plexus
- Musculocutaneous
- Median
- Lateral head
- Median head
- Axillary
- Radial
- Ulnar
Name the axillary lymph nodes
- Apical (subclavian)
- Central
- Lateral (brachial)
- Posterior (subclavian)
- Anterior (Pectoral)
Drainage of the Central axillary lymphnodes
Receive lymph from other groups
Drainage of the ]Anterior (subclavian) lymph nodes
Drain breast and anterior trunk
Drainage of the posterior (subclavian) lymph nodes
Drain upper back, neck and shoulder
Drainage of the lateral (brachial) lymph nodes
Receive most of the upper limb drainage
Muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm
- Biceps brachii
- Coracobrachialis
- Brachialis
Vessels of the anterior compartment of the arm
- Brachial artery and its venae comitantes