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Semester 1 > Anatomy Exam 2 Upper extemities > Flashcards

Anatomy Exam 2 Upper extemities Flashcards

1
Q

Define Axilla

A

The area between the chest wall and the proximal upper arm

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2
Q

Define the course of the left subclavian artery

A

Arises from the aortic arch and is continuous with the Axillary artery

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3
Q

Course of the Right Subclavian artery

A

Arises from the brachiocephalic trunk and is continuous with the R axillary artery

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4
Q

Brachial artery bifurcates into ?

A

Radial and Ulnar

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5
Q

Define vena comitantes

A

Vins which lie beside and aretery, usually found in pairs. The arterial pulsations aid in venous return

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6
Q

Superficial veins of the arm

A
  • Cephalic
  • Basilic
  • Median Cubital
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7
Q

Deep veins of the arm

A
  • Axillary
  • Subclavian
  • Brachial
  • Vena Comitantes
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8
Q

Course of the cephalic vein

A

Lateral aspect of the arm. Drains into the Axillary vein (at the shoulder)

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9
Q

Course of the Basilic Vein

A

Medial aspect of the arm. Drains into the brachial vain (midshaft of the humerus)

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10
Q

the Course of Median Cubital vein

A

Communication between the cephalic and basilica veins

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11
Q

Course of the axillary vein

A

Begins at the inferior border of the teres major and drains into the subclavian vein

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12
Q

course of the Subclavian vein

A

Arises from the Axillary vein. Drains into the brachiocephalic vein

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13
Q

Course of the Brachial Vein

A

Arises from the radial and ulnar veins (venae comitantes). Drains into the Axillary Vein

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14
Q

Course of the venae comitantes

A

Deep Radial and Ulnar veins which drain into the Brachial Vein.

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15
Q

Axillary nerve site of vulnerability

A

Neck of the humerus

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16
Q

Radial nerve site of vulnerability

A

Midshaft of the humerus

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17
Q

Ulnar nerve site of vulnerability

A

Medial epicondyle

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18
Q

Proximal Attachments of the Deltoid muscle

A
  • Clavicle
  • Acromion
  • Spine of scapula
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19
Q

Distal attachments of the Deltoid

A
  • Deltoid tuberosity
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20
Q

Action of the deltoid muscle

A
  • Primary abductor of the arm at the shoulder joint

- Flexion and extension of the arm

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21
Q

Nerve supply of the deltoid muscle

A

Axillary nerve (C5-C6)

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22
Q

Course of the axillary nerve

A
  • Travels through the quadrangular space

- Accompanies posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein

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23
Q

Function of the axillary nerve

A

Motor innervation to deltoid and teres minor (rotator cuff muscle), sensory innervation to shoulder joint and skin overlying deltoid

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24
Q

Implications of damage to the axillary nerve

A

weak arm and shoulder abduction, impaired sensations, shoulder contour loss

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25
Q

Base of the Axilla

A
  • Axillary fascia

- Skin of the armpit

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26
Q

Apex of the Axilla

A
  • Clavicle
  • 1st Rib
  • Superior part of the scapula
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27
Q

Anterior wall of the Axilla

A
  • Clavipectoral fascia

- Pectoralis major and minor

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28
Q

Posterior wall of the axilla

A
  • Triceps (long head)
  • Teres major
  • Subscapularis
  • Latissimus dorsi
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29
Q

Medial wall of the axilla

A
  • Serratus anterior
  • Intercostal
  • Upper rib cage
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30
Q

Lateral wall of the axilla

A

Humerus (intertubercular sulcus)

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31
Q

Contents of the axilla

A
  • Axillary artery and vein
  • Axillary lymph nodes
  • Portions of the brachial plexus
  • Biceps and corachobrachialis muscles
  • Fascia
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32
Q

Roots of the brachial plexus

A

C5, C6, C7, C8 and T1

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33
Q

Trunks of the brachial plexus

A
  • Superior
  • Middle
  • Inferior
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34
Q

Divisions of the brachial plexus

A
  • Anterior

- Posterior

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35
Q

Cords of the Brachial plexus

A
  • Lateral
    • Lateral Pectoral
  • Posterior
    • A, B and C
  • Medial
    • Medial Pectoral
    • Medial Cutaneous (Brachial)
    • Medial Cutaneous (antibrachial)
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36
Q

Branches of the Brachial Plexus

A
  • Musculocutaneous
  • Median
    • Lateral head
    • Median head
  • Axillary
  • Radial
  • Ulnar
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37
Q

Name the axillary lymph nodes

A
  • Apical (subclavian)
  • Central
  • Lateral (brachial)
  • Posterior (subclavian)
  • Anterior (Pectoral)
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38
Q

Drainage of the Central axillary lymphnodes

A

Receive lymph from other groups

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39
Q

Drainage of the ]Anterior (subclavian) lymph nodes

A

Drain breast and anterior trunk

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40
Q

Drainage of the posterior (subclavian) lymph nodes

A

Drain upper back, neck and shoulder

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41
Q

Drainage of the lateral (brachial) lymph nodes

A

Receive most of the upper limb drainage

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42
Q

Muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm

A
  • Biceps brachii
  • Coracobrachialis
  • Brachialis
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43
Q

Vessels of the anterior compartment of the arm

A
  • Brachial artery and its venae comitantes
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44
Q

Nerves of the anterior compartment of the arm

A
  • Medians
  • Ulnar
  • Musculocutaneous
45
Q

Lateral boundary of the cubital fossa

A

Brachioradialis

46
Q

Medial boundary of the cubital fossa

A

Pronator teres

47
Q

Proximal boundary of the cubital fossa

A

Imaginary line between the humeral epicondyles

48
Q

Floor of the cubital fossa

A

Supinator muscle and brachialis muscle

49
Q

Roof of the cubital fossa

A

Deep fascia, aponeurosis of biceps

50
Q

Contents of the cubital fossa

A
  • Median Nerve
  • Brachial Nerve
  • Biceps Tendon
  • Radial Nerve
51
Q

Superficial muscle group of the forearm

A
  • Pronator teres
  • flexor carpi radialis
  • Palmaris longus
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris
  • Flexor digitorum superficialis
52
Q

Proximal attachment of the superficial muscle group of the anterior forearm

A

Medial epicondyle

53
Q

Innervation of the superficial muscle group of the anterior forearm

A
  • All innervated by the median nerve

- **except the flexor carpi ulnaris (ulnar nerve)

54
Q

Action of the superficial muscle group of the anterior forearm

A

Weak flexors of the elbow joint and movements of the wrist and hand

55
Q

Deep muscles of the anterior forearm

A
  • Flexor digitorum profundus
  • Flexor policic longus
  • Pronator Quadratus
56
Q

Innervation of the deep muscle group of the anterior forearm

A

Anterior osseous nerve except the medial part of the frlxor digitorum profundus (Ulnar nerve)

57
Q

Arteries of the anterior forearm

A
  • Ulnar artery

- Radial artery

58
Q

Nerves of the anterior forearm

A
  • Median nerve
  • Radial Nerve
  • Ulnar Nerve
59
Q

Proximal row of the carpal bones

A
  • Scaphoid
  • Lunate
  • Triquetrum
  • Pisiform
60
Q

Distal row of the carpal bones

A
  • Trapezium
  • Trapezoid
  • Capitate
  • Hamate
61
Q

Flexor tendons of the hand

A
  • Flexor pollicis longus
  • Flexor dig profundus
  • Flexor dig superficialis
62
Q

Thenar muscles of the hand

A
  • Abductor pollicis brevis
  • Flexor pollicis brevis
  • Opponens Pollicis
63
Q

Hypothenar muscles of the hand

A
  • Abductor digiti minini
  • Flexor digiti minimi
  • Opponens digiti minimi
64
Q

Arterial supply of the hand

A
  • superficial palmar arch (derived from the ulnar artery)

- Deep palmar arch (derived from the radial artery)

65
Q

Venous drainage of the hand

A

Blood from fingers and palms drain into superficial veins on dorsum of hand, then entering the cephalic or basilic veins

66
Q

Nerve supply of the hand

A

Ulnar and Median nerves

67
Q

Muscles that attach the arm to the trunk

A
  • Trapezius
  • Levator scapulae
  • Rhomboids
  • Latissimus dorsi
68
Q

Fibers of the trapezius and function

A
  • Upper fibers = lateral flexion of the neck
  • Middle fibers = scapular retraction
  • Lowe fibers = scapular depression
  • Upper and lower = scapular rotation (glenoid fossa turns superiorly allowing full abduction of the arm)
69
Q

Innervation of the trapezius

A
  • Accessory nerve (CN XII)
70
Q

Levator scapulae, rhomboid major and minor function

A
  • Scapular elevation

- assist scapular rotation during arm adduction

71
Q

Levator scapulae innervation

A
  • dorsal scapular nerve (C5 brachial plexus)

- C3 and C4 (Cervical plexus)

72
Q

Rhomboids major and minor innervation

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (C5 brachial plexus)

73
Q

Latissimus dorsi function

A
  • Adducts, extends and extends arm

- assists in scapular rotation and retraction

74
Q

Innervation of Latissimus dorsi

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

75
Q

Arterial supply of latissimus dorsi

A

Thoracodorsal artery

76
Q

Muscles of the rotator cuff

A
  • Subscapularis
  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres major
77
Q

Function of the rotator cuff

A

Assist in joint stabilization and holds humeral head firmly to glenoid fossa

78
Q

Proximal attachment of the subscapularis muscle

A

Costal surface of the scapula

79
Q

Distal attachment of the subscapularis muscle

A

Lesser tubercule

80
Q

Action of the subscapularis muscle

A

Medial rotation of the arm at the shoulder

81
Q

Proximal attachment of the supraspinatus muscle

A

Supraspinatus fossa

82
Q

Distal attachment of the supraspinatus muscle

A

Greater tubercle

83
Q

Action of the supraspinatus mescle

A

Initiates abduction

84
Q

Proximal attachment of the infraspinatus muscle

A

Infraspinatus fossa

85
Q

Distal attachment of the Infraspinatus

A

Greater tubercle

86
Q

Action of the infraspinatus muscle

A

Lateral rotation of the arm at the shoulder

87
Q

Proximal attachment of the teres minor

A

Posterior scapulae surface

88
Q

Distal attachment of the teres minor

A

Greater tubercle of the humerus

89
Q

Action of the Teres minor

A

Lateral rotation of the arm

90
Q

Proximal Attachment of the triceps brachii

A
  • Infraglenoid tubercule (long head)
  • Posterior shaft of humerus (lateral head)
  • IM septa on shaft of humerus (medial head)
91
Q

Distal attachment of the triceps brachii

A

Olecranon process

92
Q

Action of the triceps brachii

A
  • Extend the arm at the shoulder

- Long head crosses shoulder jount (aids in stability)

93
Q

Superficial muscles of the posterior forearm and innervation

A 
Innervated by posterior interosseouls branch of radial nerve
- Extensor Radialis brevis
- Extensor digitorum
- Extensor digiti minimi
- Extensor carpi ulnar
Innervated by Radial Nerve
- Brachioradials
- Extensor carpi radialis longus
94
Q

Function of Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

Extensor and abductor of the hand

95
Q

Function of Extensor digitorum

A

Four fingers, extensor of hand

96
Q

Function of extensor digiti minimi

A

Fifth digit

97
Q

Function of extensor carpi ulnar

A

Extensor and adductor of hand at the wrist

98
Q

Deep muscles of the posterior forearm

A
  • Extensor indicis
  • Extensor pollicis longus
  • Extensor pollicis brevis
  • Abductor pollicis longus
99
Q

Branches of the radial nerve

A
  • Axillary nerve
  • Posterior interosseous nerve
  • Superficial Branch
  • Digital branches
100
Q

The musculocutaneous nerve turns into which nerve

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm

101
Q

Branches of the median nerve

A
  • Anterior interosseous

- Recurrent branch (in the hand)

102
Q

Muscles innervated by the musculocutaneous

A
  • Biceps Brachii
  • Coracobrachialis
  • Brachialis
103
Q

Muscles innervated by the median nerve

A
  • Pronator teres
  • Flexor carpi radialis
  • Palmaris longus
  • Flexor digitorum superficialis
104
Q

Muscles innervated by the ulnar nerve

A
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris

- Medial part of the flexor digitorum profundus

105
Q

Muscles innervated by the anterior interosseous

A
  • Lateral part of the flexor digitorum profundus
  • Flexor policis longus
  • Pronator quadratus
106
Q

Muscles innervated by the Radial nerve

A
  • Triceps Brachii
  • Brachioradialis
  • Extensor carpi radialis longus
107
Q

Muscles innervated by the posterior interosseous nerve

A
  • Extensor digitorum
  • Extensor digiti minimi
  • Extensor carpi ulnaris
  • Abductor policis brevis
  • Extensor policis brevis
  • Extensor policis longus
  • Extensor indices
108
Q

Musces innervated by the deep branch of the radial nerve

A
  • Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Semester 1 (15 decks)

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