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Semester 1 > Anatomy Exam 2 Lower Extremities > Flashcards

Anatomy Exam 2 Lower Extremities Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three sites of access for nerves and vessels to pass from the abdomen to the leg

A
  1. Posterior to the Inguinal ligament
  2. Obturator Canal
  3. Greater Sciatic Foramen
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2
Q

What communicates via the posterior ingunal space?

A

The femoral nerve and vessels from the abdomen to the leg

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3
Q

What communicates through the Obturator canal?

A

The obturator nerve and vessels between the pelvis and the medial part of the thigh.

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4
Q

What communicates through the greater sciatic canal?

A

The sciatic and gluteal nerves and vessels from the pelvic region to the gluteal region

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5
Q

What area is innervated by the femoral nerve?

A

The anterior compartment of the thigh

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6
Q

What area is innervated by the obtuator nerve?

A

The medial compartment of the thigh

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7
Q

What area is innervated by the sciatic nerve?

A

The posterior compartment of the thigh and all compartments of the foot and leg.

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8
Q

The great saphenous vein drains what?

A

The entire leg except the lateral side and the foot

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9
Q

Where are the inguinal lymph nodes palpable?

A

Distal to the inguinal ligament.

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10
Q

Attachment and insertion of the Iliotibial tract.

A

Attaches at the Inguinal ligament and iliac crest. Inserts at the deep fascia of the leg.

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11
Q

What attaches to the IT band?

A

Gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata

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12
Q

Muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh which can secondarily flex the hip.

A

Rectus femoris and sartorious

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13
Q

The five muscles of the anterior thigh are innervated by?

A

The femoral nerve

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14
Q

Boundaries of the femoral triangle?

A

Upper- Inguinal ligament
Lateral- Medial border of the satorius
Medial- Medial border of the adductor longus
Roof- Fascia lata
Floor- Iliopsoas, adductor longus and pectinious

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15
Q

Contents of the femoral triangle?

A
  • Femoral vessels
  • Femoral nerves
  • Deep inguinal lymph nodes
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16
Q

What is the adductor canal?

A

Intramuscular space linking the femoral triangle with the popliteal fossa.

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17
Q

Contents of the adductor canal.

A
  • Femoral artery and vein
  • Nerve to the vastus medialis
  • Saphrenous nerve
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18
Q

Roots of the femoral nerve

A

L2 -L4

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19
Q

Branches of the superficial femoral nerve

A
  • Medial and intermediate cutaneous nerves of the thigh

- Nerves to the pectineous and sartorious

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20
Q

Branches of the deep femoral nerve

A
  • Nerves to the quadriceps muscles

- Saphrenous nerve

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21
Q

Anterior layer of the medial compartment of the thigh.

A
  • Pectineous
  • Adductor longus
  • Gracilus
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22
Q

Intermediate layer of the medial compartment of the thigh

A

Adductor brevis

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23
Q

Posterior layer of the medial compartment of the thigh

A
  • Adductor madnus

- Obtuator externalis

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24
Q

Function of the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

All muscles adduct the thigh at the hip

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25
Q

Innervation of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

All muscles are supplied by the obtuator nerve EXCEPT the pectineous which is supplied by the femoral nerve

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26
Q

Blood supply of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

From the profundus femoris and some from the branches of the optuator artery and some from the femoral artery

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27
Q

Name the gluteus muscles

A
  • Gluteus maximus
  • Gluteus medius
  • Gluteus minimus
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28
Q

Function of the gluteus maximus

A

Abducts and extends the thigh at the hip

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29
Q

Function of the fascia lata

A

Tenses the iliotibial tract

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30
Q

Function of the the gluteus minimus and medius

A

Abduction and medial rotation of the thigh at the hip

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31
Q

If the piriformis muscle becomes inflamed what condition may arise

A

Sciatica (pain in the buttock and down the back of the leg)

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32
Q

Name the short muscles of the buttock

A
  • Piriformis
  • Superior and inferior Gamelli
  • Obturator internus
  • Quadratus femoris
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33
Q

What is the function of the short muscles of the buttock?

A

Laterally rotate the thigh at the hip

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34
Q

Name the vessels which comprise the cruciate anastomosis.

A
  • Inferior gluteal artery
  • Circumflex femoral arteries
  • 1st perforating artery of the profundis femoris
35
Q

Landmark for the cruciate anastomosis

A

Lower border of the quadratus femoris

36
Q

Name the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh.

A
  • Biceps femoris
  • Semitendious
  • Semimembranous
37
Q

Function of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh.

A
  • Extension of the thigh at the hip

- Flexion of the knee

38
Q

The sciatic nerve arises from which spinal nerves?

A

L4- S3

39
Q

What is unique about the point of division of the sciatic nerve?

A

The point of division can vary among individuals. It can be proximal, within or distal to the popliteal fossa.

40
Q

The sciatic nerve bifurcates into what?

A

The tibial nerve and the common fibular (peroneal)

41
Q

Which muscles are innervated by the tibial nerve?

A

Muscles of the posterior thigh and leg

42
Q

Which muscles are innervated by the common fibular nerve?

A
  • Short head of the biceps femoris

- Anterior and lateral compartments of the leg

43
Q

Boarders of the Popliteal fossa

A

Roof - Investing layer of deep fascia
Superior Walls - Diverging tendons of the hamstrings
Inferior walls - Medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius
Floor - Popliteal surface of the femur, popliteus and capsule of the knee joint

44
Q

Contents of the popliteal fossa

A
  • Popliteal artery and vein

- Tibial and common fibular nerve

45
Q

Superficial muscles of the posterior leg

A
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Soleus
  • Plantaris
46
Q

Action of the gastrocnemius

A

Flexion of the leg at the knee

47
Q

Action of the soleus

A

Forms an aponeurosis with the gastrocnemius (Achilles’ tendon) which plantar flexes the foot at the ankle

48
Q

Action of the Plantaris

A

Flexion of the leg at the knee and plantar flexion of the foot

49
Q

Deep muscles of the posterior leg

A
  • Flexor digitorum longus
  • Flexor hallicus longus
  • Tibialis posterior
50
Q

Action of the digitorum longus

A

Flexion of the toes and plantar flexion of the foot. Flexion of the distal phalanx

51
Q

Action of the Flexor hallicus longus

A
  • Flexion of the big to

- Plantar flexion of the foot

52
Q

Action of the tibialis posterior

A
  • Inversion of the foot

- weak flexor plantar flexor

53
Q

What are the arteries of the posterior leg

A
  • The posterior tibial which the fibular branches off from

- At the foot the tibial nerve bifurcates into the medial and lateral plantar nerves

54
Q

Define the plantar aponeurosis

A

Deep fascia of the sole of the foot covering the superficial muscles

55
Q

Attachments of the plantar aponeurosis

A

Proximal - medial and lateral calcaneal tuberacles

Anterior- Diverges into 5 digital slips which attach to the fibrous flexor slips and metatarsal plates

56
Q

Superficial muscles of the sole of the foot

A
  • Abductor hallicus
  • Flexor digitorum brevis
  • Abductor digiti minimi
57
Q

Acton of the flexor digitorum brevis

A

Proximal flexion of the toes

58
Q

Deep muscles of the sole of the foot

A
  • Flexor hallicus brevis
  • Adductor hallicus
  • Flexor digiti minimi brevis
59
Q

Function of the plantar interosseous muscles

A

Adductiom of the tarsals

60
Q

Function of the dorsal interosseous muscles

A

Abduction of the tarsals

61
Q

Function of the fibularis longus and tibialis posterior tendons

A

Aiding in support of the medial longitudinal arch

62
Q

Blood supply to the sole of the foot

A

The tibial artery divides in the flexor retinaculum into the medial and lateral plantar arteries. Both have superficial and deep branches. The deep branches communicate at the deep plantar arch

63
Q

Innervation of the sole of the foot

A

The tibial nerve bifurcates in the retinaculum to become the lateral and medial plantar nerves

64
Q

The medial end of the dorsal venous arch drains into what?

A

The great saphenous vein

65
Q

The lateral end of the dorsal venous arch drains into what?

A

The small saphenous vein

66
Q

Muscles of the anterior portion of the leg and the dorsum of the foot

A
  • Tibialis anterior
  • Extensor hallicus longus
  • Extensor digitorum longus
  • Fibularis tertius
67
Q

Innervation of the muscles of the interior portion of the leg

A

Deep fibularis nerve

68
Q

What comprises the neurovascular bundle on the anterior of the leg and dorsum of the foot?

A
  • Deep fibular nerve
  • Anterior tibial artery
  • Vena comiatntes of the anterior tibial artery
69
Q

The anterior tibial artery continues in the foot as what?

A

The dorsalis pedis artery

70
Q

The dorsalis pedis artery gives rise to what?

A

The deep arch

71
Q

Muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg and their action

A
  • Fibularis longus and Fibularis Brevis

- Eversion of the foot and weak dorsi felxors

72
Q

Innervation of the muscles of the lateral protion of the leg

A

Superficial fibular nerve

73
Q

The superior fibular artery is a branch of what?

A

The anterior tibial artery

74
Q

Name the three ligaments of the hip

A
  • Iliofemoral
  • Ischiofemoral
  • Pubofemoral
75
Q

Blood supply of the hip

A
  • Obturator artery
  • Superior and inferior gluteal arteries
  • Medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries
76
Q

Innervation of the hip joint

A
  • Obturator nerve
  • Rectus femoris nerve
  • Nerve to the quadratus femoris
77
Q

Ligaments of the knee

A
  • ACL
  • PCL
  • Fibular Collateral Ligament
  • Tibial Collateral Ligament
  • Meniscofemoral ligament
78
Q

Innervation of the knee

A
  • Femoral
  • Obturator
  • Sciatic nerve
79
Q

Blood supply of the knee

A

Genicular anastomosis which is formed by the popliteal, anterior tibial and posterior tibial arteries

80
Q

Ligaments of the ankle joint

A
  • Posterior talofibular ligament
  • Medial collateral ligament (Deltoid)
  • Lateral Collateral ligament (composed of the anterior and posterior talofibular ligament and the calcaneofibular ligament
  • Spring ligament (calcaneonavicular)
81
Q

Blood supply of the ankle

A

Anterior and posterior tibial arteries

82
Q

Nerve supply of the ankle

A

Deep tibial and fibular nerves

83
Q

Bones of the medial longitudinal arch

A
  • Calcaneus
  • Tallus
  • Navicular
  • Three cuniforms
  • Three medial metatarsals
84
Q

Bones of the lateral longitudinal arch

A
  • Calcaneus
  • Cuboid
  • Two lateral metatarsals

Semester 1 (15 decks)

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