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Patho Exam 1 > Patho CH. 4: Altered Immunity > Flashcards

Patho CH. 4: Altered Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

SPECIFIC immune defense
Involves:

A

adaptive immunity

inflammatory response

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2
Q

NONSPECIFIC immune defense
Involves:

A

innate immunity

T and B lymphocytes

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3
Q

two types of humoral immunity

A

active and passive

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4
Q

development of antibodies to an antigen

How?

A

active immunity

specific disease or vaccine

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5
Q

immunity transfer from host to recipient

How?

A

passive immunity

From mother to infant transfer or injection of antibody

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6
Q

histames cause

A

bronchodilation

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7
Q

humoral immunity includes B lymphocyte which include these cells

A

antibodies from plasma cells
memory cells

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8
Q

primary adaptive immune response

A

activation with first recognition of specific antigen

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9
Q

secondary adaptive immune response

A

reactivation with later recognition of the same antigen

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10
Q

immunoglobulin concentrated in bodily secretion

A

IgA
breast milk, tears, saliva

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11
Q

most common immunoglobulin
second response

A

IgG

passive immunity

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12
Q

First immunoglobulin

A

IgM

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13
Q

cell mediated immunity has

A

cytotoxic T lymphocytes: CD4 - class 2 MHC
helper T lymphocytes: CD8 - class 1 MHC

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14
Q

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) only in what immunity

A

cell mediated

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15
Q

Processes of altering immune function

A

host defense failure
hypersensitivity
autoimmunity
alloimmunity

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16
Q

host defense failure examples

A

antigenic variation
viral latency
immunodeficiency

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17
Q

ex of antigenic variation

A

cold
flu

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18
Q

ex of viral latency

A

herpes zoster (shingles)
TB

they hide

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19
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity type

A

immediate

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20
Q

Type 2 hypersensitivity type

A

antibody-mediated

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21
Q

Type 3 hypersensitivity type

A

immune complex-mediated

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22
Q

Type 4 hypersensitivity type

A

cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated

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23
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction ex and etiology

A

anaphylaxis

IgE mediated

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24
Q

Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction ex

A

reaction against normal “self” antigens

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25
Q

Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction ex

A

cell lysis
delayed reaction

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26
Q

failure to distinguish self

A

autoimmunity

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27
Q

alloimmunity examples

A

graft rejection
graft versus host disease
organ rejection

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28
Q

immunosuppression treatment leads to

A

opportunistic infection

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29
Q

using the immune response for disease management

A

use pt own immune system to combat disease

develop drugs to distinguish self from cancer

30
Q

AIDS comes from

A

HIV infection

31
Q

loss of CD4 T lymphocytes means

A

loss of cell mediated and humoral immunity

32
Q

CD4 count diagnostic of AIDS

A

below 200 - AIDS and high risk for opportunistic infection

above 500 - asymptomatic

Below 350 - substantial immune suppression

33
Q

AIDS CM

A

HA
high fever
white patches on tongue
swollen lymph nodes
heavy night sweats
loss of appetite
severe weight loss
chronic diarrhea
fatigue

34
Q

AIDS opportunistic infections

A

oral candidiasis
pneumocystis
kaposi sarcoma

35
Q

AIDS DC

A

H and P
Labs

36
Q

labs for diagnosing AIDS

A

detection of antibodies
HIV viral load
CD4 count

37
Q

test reveals just antigens and no antibodies means

A

newly exposed
has not yet made antibodies

38
Q

AIDS treatment

A

antiretroviral therapy

39
Q

antiretroviral therapy

A

suppress viral load
restore immune function
reduce morbidity and mortality

40
Q

change in medications for AIDS over time

A

More medications made into less pill to reduce drug resistance

41
Q

anaphylaxis patho

A

exaggerated SYSTEMIC immune response

42
Q

anaphylaxis due to

A

type 1 hypersensitivity reaction

43
Q

triggers for anaphylaxis

A

insect stings
food allergies
drug allergies

44
Q

response stimulated by antigen exposure in anaphylaxis

A

IgE mediated response

45
Q

open and lets out

A

degranulation

46
Q

degranulation of mast cells and basophils causes

A

dilation of vascular smooth muscle
constriction of bronchial smooth muscle
increase in vascular permeability

47
Q

anaphylaxis phase 1 manifestations

A

difficulty breathing
skin flushing and itching
angioedema (vessels swell)
uticaria - hives

48
Q

anaphylaxis phase 2 CM

A

difficulty breathing - wheezing
severe hypotension - shock (vasodilation = expansions of vessels = decreased pressure
severe edema

49
Q

anaphylaxis DC

A

H and P
allergy testing

50
Q

symptomatic anaphylaxis treatment

A

drugs to relax bronchial smooth muscle ( first is epinephrine second is steroids)
drugs to constrict vascular smooth muscle
limit inflammation

51
Q

preventative anaphylaxis treatment

A

desensitization to allergen - allergy shots

52
Q

SLE patho

A

autoimmune response
response from innate and adaptive immune systems

53
Q

SLE hypersensitivity

A

Type 3

54
Q

SLE is chronic due to what persistent antigen

A

your own body

55
Q

B cells produce

A

antibodies

56
Q

T cells promote

A

inflammation

57
Q

potential cause of SLE

A

virus
hormones
genetic predisposition
drugs

58
Q

SLE clinical manifestations

A

specific to organ injured by inflammation and complex deposition

59
Q

local SLE CM areas

A

skin
musculoskeletal
pulmonary
kidney

60
Q

systemic SLE CM areas

A

neurologic
pulmonary
hematologic
cardiac disease

61
Q

conditions caused by SLE

A

pleuritis (lungs)
myocarditis
hemolytic anemia (RBC)
leukopenia (increase WBC)
thrombocytopenia (decreased platelets)
glomerulonephritis
lymphadenopathy
arthritis

62
Q

SLE DC

A

H and P
labs

63
Q

SLE lab

A

ANA - antinuclear antibodies - antibody against cell components and DNA

64
Q

SLE treatment

A

Pharmacologic - antiinflammatory - antimalarial - immunosuppressants

65
Q

Rh immunization patho

A

antibodies against Rh antigen attack RBCs causing hemolysis
Rh negative mothers exposed to fetal Rh positive antigen

66
Q

Rh isoimmunization hypersensitivity

A

type 2 cytotoxic antibody-mediated reaction

67
Q

Rh isoimmunization CM - fetal and infant

A

fetal effects - anemia, edema, death

infants - kernicterus, lethargy, hearing loss, cerebral palsy, learning problems

68
Q

Rh isoimmunization DC

A

H and P
Screening (antigen and antibody)
Diagnostic testing

69
Q

diagnostic testing for Rh

A

amniocentesis to measure bilirubin
fetal blood sampling to determine anemia

70
Q

Rh isoimmunization treatment

A

risk reduction
prevention (Rh immunoglobulin)

exchange transfusion to replace damaged RBC to healthy ones

Patho Exam 1 (7 decks)

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