patho case 5: joints Flashcards
what is another name for solid joint
synarthroses
what disease is characterized by degeneration of cartilage that results in structural and functional failure of synovial joints
osteoarthritis
what is the most common type of joint disease
osteoarthritis
what is collagen type 2 degraded by in osteoarthritis
matrix metalloproteinase
what are the major environmental factors associated with osteoarthritis
age and biomechanics stress
what happens to the water content and concentration of proteoglycans in early stages of osteoarthritis
water content increases and proteoglycans decrease
what disease does heberden nodes occur in
osteoarthritis
how might CD4+ T helper cells initiate the autoimmune response in RA
by reacting with arthritogenic agent
what does IFN game do in RA
activates macrophages and residence synovial cells
what does IL17 from Th17 cells do in relation to RA
recruits neutrophils and monocytes
what does TNF and IL-1 do in respect to RA
stimulates resident synovial cells to secrete proteases that destroy hyaline cartilage
what does RANKL expressed on activated T cells due respect to RA
stimulates bone resorption
what cytokine has been most firmly impacted in the pathogenesis of RA
TNF
what does RA principally affect
the small joints of the hands and feet
what is the term that is a mass of edematous synovium, inflammatory cells, granulation tissue, and fibroblasts that grows over the articular cartilage and causes its erosion
pannus
what factors (biological) increase risk of juvenile idiopathic arthritis
HLA and PTPN22 variants
what pathologies is associated with HLA_B27
seronegative spondyloarthropathies and ankylosing spondylitis and reactive arthritis
what is reactive arthritis defined by
a triad of arthritis, non-gonococcal urethritis or cervicitis, and conjunctivitis
what is susceptibility to psoriatic arthritis genetically determined and related to
HLA-B27 and HLA-cw6
what is the main causative agent of suppurative arthritis in older children and adults
S. aureus
what is mycobacterial arthritis caused by
M. tuberculosis
what is lyme arthritis caused by
infection with borrelia burgdorferi
what deposits occur with goat
monosodium urate
what deposits occur with pseudogout
calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate
what is gout marked by
transient attacks of acute arthritis initiated by crystallization of monosodium rate within and around joints
what is the solubility of MSU with gout modulated by
temperature and the chemical composition of the fluid
what is acute arthritis characterized by
dense neutrophilic infiltrate that permeates the synovium and synovial fluid
what is a small cyst that is almost always located near a joint capsule or tendon sheath
ganglion
what color are tenosynovial giant cell tumors
red-brown to orange-yellow
