path case 7 reading: thyroid gland

Question 1

what is the hyper metabolic state caused by elevated circulating levels of free T3 and T4

Answer 1

thyrotoxicosis

Question 2

what is another term for the abrupt onset of severe hyperthyroidism

Answer 2

thyroid storm

Question 3

what is the condition caused by a structural or functional derangement that interferes with the production of thyroid hormone

Answer 3

hypothyroidism

Question 4

what is congenital hypothyroidism most often the result of

Answer 4

endemic iodine deficiency in the diet

Question 5

what is the most common cause of hypothyroidism

Answer 5

autoimmune hypothyroidism

Question 6

what are the vast majority of autoimmune hypothyroidism due to

Answer 6

hashimotos thyroiditis

Question 7

what is iatrogenic hypothyroidism caused by

Answer 7

surgical or radiation-induced ablation

Question 8

what is secondary hypothyroidism caused by

Answer 8

deficiencies of TSH or TRH

Question 9

what is hypothyroidism that develops in infancy or early childhood

Answer 9

cretinism

Question 10

what term is applied to hypothyroidism developing in the older child or adult

Answer 10

myxedema

Question 11

what is myxedema marked/most characterized by

Answer 11

slowing of physical and mental activity

Question 12

what is the most sensitive screening test for hypothyroidism

Answer 12

measurement of serum TSH

Question 13

when will TSH not be increased in a person with hypothyroidism

Answer 13

when it is due to primary hypothalamic or pituitary disease

Question 14

what is the autoimmune disease that results in destruction of the thyroid gland and gradual and progressive thyroid failure

Answer 14

hashimoto thyroiditis

Question 15

increased susceptibility to hashimoto thyroiditis is associated with polymorphisms in immune regulation-associated genes, such as_____

Answer 15

CTLA4 and PTPN22

Question 16

what other autoimmune diseases are individuals with hashimotos more susceptible to

Answer 16

diabetes 1, SLE, myasthenia gravis, sjogren syndorme

Question 17

what is granulomatous thyroiditis believed to be triggered by

Answer 17

viral infection

Question 18

what is the most common cause of thyroid pain

Answer 18

granulomatous thyroiditis

Question 19

what rare disorder is characterized by extensive fibrosis involving the thyroid and contiguous neck structures

Answer 19

riedel thyroiditis

Question 20

what is the most common cause of endogenous hyperthyroidism

Answer 20

graves disease

Question 21

what is the autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of autoantibodies against multiple thyroid proteins, most importantly TSH receptor

Answer 21

graves disease

Question 22

what are the lab findings associated with graves disease

Answer 22

elevated free T4 and T3 levels and depressed TSH

Question 23

describe the lab findings with diffuse nontoxic (simple) goiter

Answer 23

serum T3 and T4 levels are normal, but the TSH is usually elevated or at the upper range of normal

Question 24

what goiters cause the most extreme thyroid enlargements

Answer 24

multi nodular goiters