path case 7 reading: thyroid gland Flashcards
what is the hyper metabolic state caused by elevated circulating levels of free T3 and T4
thyrotoxicosis
what is another term for the abrupt onset of severe hyperthyroidism
thyroid storm
what is the condition caused by a structural or functional derangement that interferes with the production of thyroid hormone
hypothyroidism
what is congenital hypothyroidism most often the result of
endemic iodine deficiency in the diet
what is the most common cause of hypothyroidism
autoimmune hypothyroidism
what are the vast majority of autoimmune hypothyroidism due to
hashimotos thyroiditis
what is iatrogenic hypothyroidism caused by
surgical or radiation-induced ablation
what is secondary hypothyroidism caused by
deficiencies of TSH or TRH
what is hypothyroidism that develops in infancy or early childhood
cretinism
what term is applied to hypothyroidism developing in the older child or adult
myxedema
what is myxedema marked/most characterized by
slowing of physical and mental activity
what is the most sensitive screening test for hypothyroidism
measurement of serum TSH
when will TSH not be increased in a person with hypothyroidism
when it is due to primary hypothalamic or pituitary disease
what is the autoimmune disease that results in destruction of the thyroid gland and gradual and progressive thyroid failure
hashimoto thyroiditis
increased susceptibility to hashimoto thyroiditis is associated with polymorphisms in immune regulation-associated genes, such as_____
CTLA4 and PTPN22
what other autoimmune diseases are individuals with hashimotos more susceptible to
diabetes 1, SLE, myasthenia gravis, sjogren syndorme
what is granulomatous thyroiditis believed to be triggered by
viral infection
what is the most common cause of thyroid pain
granulomatous thyroiditis
what rare disorder is characterized by extensive fibrosis involving the thyroid and contiguous neck structures
riedel thyroiditis
what is the most common cause of endogenous hyperthyroidism
graves disease
what is the autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of autoantibodies against multiple thyroid proteins, most importantly TSH receptor
graves disease
what are the lab findings associated with graves disease
elevated free T4 and T3 levels and depressed TSH
describe the lab findings with diffuse nontoxic (simple) goiter
serum T3 and T4 levels are normal, but the TSH is usually elevated or at the upper range of normal
what goiters cause the most extreme thyroid enlargements
multi nodular goiters
