Path of Infectious and Non-infectious Flashcards
Pneumonia is responsible for what fraction of death in the US?
1/6
True or false: the lower airways are usually sterile
True
True or false: we all regularly aspirate
True–though it is minute
What is the technical definition of pneumonia?
Infection of the lung parenchyma
What are the two major lifestyle factors that predispose people to pneumonia?
EtOH
Smoking
What is the usual cause of acute pneumonia?
Pyogenic bacteria
What is pneumonitis?
Usually not pyogenic—often viral or d/t to mycoplasma
What are the common causes of chronic pneumonias?
TB
Fungi
Parasites
What are the five physiological changes that predispose to developing pneumonia?
- Loss of cough reflex
- Injury to mucociliary escalator
- LOF of macrophages
- Pulmonary edema and congestion
- Accumulated secretions
What are the two ways to classify pneumonia?
Etiological agent or clinical setting
True or false: you can get pneumonia from sepsis
True
CAP is usually caused by what infectious type of agent?
Bacterial
Atypical pneumonia is usually caused by what infectious agent?
Viruses
Aspiration pneumonia is usually caused by what?
Bacteria and chemicals
What are the usual causes of chronic pneumonias?
mycobacteria
True or false: Legionnaires disease is classified as a CAP
True
Which lobes of the lung are most often affected by aspiration?
Lower lobes or right middle
What are the two morphological patterns of bacterial pneumonia?
Bronchopneumonia and lobar pneumonia
What is lobar pneumonia?
Consolidation of an entire lobe or large portion of a lobe
What is bronchopneumonia?
Patchy consolidation in one or more lobes
What does the pneumonia pattern depend on?
Bacterial virulence and host resistance
What are the lung sounds with lobar pneumonia?
Rales
What are the gross findings of bronchopneumonia?
Dispersed, elevated 3-4 cm lesions of palpable consolidation
What are the histological findings of bronchopneumonia?
Acute PMN filled exudate filling airspaces and airways