Path Notes Flashcards
What is the key to pathogenesis of CNS Dementia and neurodegenerative disorders?
Abnormal protein homeostasis
Gender difference in Alzheimer’s
Women slightly more likely
-odds for any one woman now exceeds breast cancer
Where do amyloid plaques tend to be more numerous?
Deep cortical layers
What are filamentous intracellular inclusions made of? What are they called?
- Tau protein
- Neurfibrillary tangles (NFTs)
- Neuropil thrads (NTs)
What part of the brain does plaques and tangles spare?
Occipital lobe, primary motor cortex
Where can plaques and tangles be found early on in Alzheimers?
Hippocampus
What are the 2 AB peptides?
AB 40 = bad
AB 42 = worse, seed
What is amyloid angiopathy?
AB deposits in cortical and leptomeningeal arteries and arterioles
What are Hirano bodies?
Intracellular aggregates of actin and actin-associated proteins
Where are Hirano bodies frequently found?
Hippocampal pyramidal cells
What is Tau?
microtubule associated protein
What happens to Tau in Alzheimer’s?
- Hyperphosphorylated
- Lose ability to bind to microtubules
What ApoE alleles have higher/lower risk for AD?
E4 = higher risk E2 = lower risk
What 3 Genes are associated with early onset AD
- APP
- Presenilin 1
- Presenilin 2
All autosomal dominant
3 Types of Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD):
- Tau
- TDP
- FUS
Knife-edge gross examination of brain suggests:
Tau form of Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD)
Which type of FTLD is related to ALS?
FTLD-TDP
Which type of FTLD is most common?
Tau type
3 Hallmark symptoms of Parkinson’s:
Tremor
bradykinesia
Rigidity
What are Lewy Bodies made of?
Alpha-synuclein
Difference of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy vs. Parkinson’s
No Lewy Bodies in PSP
Important exam finding in PSP:
Difficulty with voluntary eye movements
Histological findings in PSP:
- Globose tangle
- Tufted astrocyte
Exam and histological findings in Corticobasal Degernation (CBD)
Exam: jerking of limbs, dyspraxia (cognitive dysfunction)
Histology: Ballooned neuron
