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MQW U3 > Micro > Flashcards

Micro Flashcards

1
Q

LCMV Name
Genome?
Enveloped/Naked?
Causes what?

A

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus
Arenavirus: ambisense, RNA, enveloped
Causes febrile, aseptic choriomeningitis

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2
Q

Groups of bacteria causing meningitis:

A

Pneumococcus
Group B Strep
Meningococcus
H. influenzae

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3
Q

4 Classic Symptoms of Meningitis:

A
  • Headache
  • Stiff Neck
  • Fever
  • Photophobia
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4
Q 
Neisseria meningitidis:
gram \_\_\_
\_\_\_\_cellular
Oxidase \_\_\_
Catalyse \_\_\_
Ferments\_\_\_
A 
Gram (-)
Facultative intracellular
Oxidase (+)
Catalyse (+)
Ferments Glucose and Maltose
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5
Q

Difference of pathogenic vs. non-pathogenic N. meningitidis strains:

A

Pathogenic = Encapsulated (polysaccharide)

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6
Q

Neisseria needs ___ agar to grow

A

Chocolate agar

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7
Q

N. meningitidis is:
Transmitted by ____
Colonizes ____

A

Airbone droplets

Nasopharynx (asymptomatic carriage)

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8
Q

Most common N. meningitidis age range:

A

2-18 years

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9
Q

3 major N. meningitidis virulence factors

A
  • Polysaccharide Capsule
  • IgA Protease
  • LOS
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10
Q

Lack of what complement proteins increases risk for N. meningitidis

A

C5-9

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11
Q

Waterhouse-Friderichen Syndrome:

A
  • Bilateral destruction of adrenal glands

- DIC

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12
Q

What can’t you give for N. meningitides?

A

Glucocorticosteroids

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13
Q

Group B Strep
Capsule?
Gram ___
___ Hemolytic

A
  • Encapsulated
  • Gram (+)
  • Beta-hemolytic
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14
Q

Major risk group for GBS+ meningitis?

Why?

A
  • Neonates

- GBS is natural flora in the vagina

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15
Q

CAMP test:

A

B-hemolysin of S. aureus interacts w/ GBS to cause enhanced hemolysis

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16
Q

Hippurase test turns what color?

A

Purple

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17
Q

2 Ways to differentiate GBS and Listeria in a CSF sample

A
  • Morphology on gram stain (cocci vs rod)

- Motility on wet mount

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18
Q

Pneumococcus:
Gram ___
Catalase ___
___ Hemolytic

A
  • Gram (+)
  • Catalase (-)
  • Alpha-hemolytic
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19
Q

Strep pneumonia is most common cause of community-acquired: (4 things)

A
  • Pneumonia
  • Bacterial meningitis
  • Bacteremia
  • Otitis media
20
Q

Pnemococcus causes a (low/high) inflammation meningitis

A

High

  • Strong inflammatory response
  • All pathogenic strains produce a pneumolysin
21
Q

Pneumococcal disease also requires what kind of testing?

A

Antibiotic-sensitivity testing

22
Q

1st line Pneumococcus meningitis treatment is ___

If resistant, add ___

A

Vancomycin + ceftriaxone or cefotaxime

Resistant: add rifampin, meropenem or chloramphenicol

23
Q

For which septic meningitises can you use corticosteroids?

A

Pneumococcal

24
Q

3 routes of viral entry into CNS

A
  1. Neural
  2. Olfactory
  3. Hematogenous
25
Q

80% of viral meningitis caused by:

A

Enterovirus

26
Q

Brudzinski’s sign is:

A
  • Guarding due to nuchal rigidity

- Neck raise –> leg raise

27
Q

Distinguishing feature of encephalitis not found in meningitis

A

Encephalitis: intracerebral hemorrhage

28
Q

What is ADEM?
When?
What causes?

A
  • Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
  • postinfectious encephalitis (after VIRAL infection)
  • 1-2 weeks later
  • Autoimmune disorder
29
Q

Herpes simple encephalitis usually affects what part of the brain?

A
  • Temporal lobe

- Unilateral

30
Q

When do you immunize someone for rabies?

A
  • Post-exposure

- Prevents spread up into the brain

31
Q

What is Pachymeninges

What is Leptomeninges

A

Pachy: outer layer, dura
Lepto: inner layer, arachnoid, dura

32
Q

Lumbar Puncture CSF Findings in Bacterial vs Virus vs Fungal meningitis

A

Bacterial: high Neutrophils, low glucose

Viral: high Lymphocytes, normal glucose

Fungus: high Lymphocytes, low glucose

33
Q

What do you have to worry about in terms of meningitis post-surgery?

A

Anaerobic bacteria

34
Q

Clinical feature that distinguishes Meningitis vs Encephalitis

A

MENTAL STATE

confusion and/or decreased level of consciousness –>encephalitis

35
Q

Pus in ____ (space) in acute bacterial meningitis

A

Subarachnoid space

36
Q

3 Complications of Bacterial meningitis:

A
  1. Spreading to infect Virchow-Robbins (perivascular) space
  2. Thrombosis of leptomeningeal vessels
  3. Hydrocephalus (communicating or obstructive)
37
Q

What kind of cell makes the BBB?

A

Astrocyte glial cells

38
Q

“Worst headache in my life”

A

DDx: ruptured aneurysm

39
Q

What kind of meningitis is usually self-limiting?

A

Aseptic (viral) meningitis

40
Q

What is PML?
What causes it?
What can it be confused for

A
  • Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
  • Viral by JC polyomavirus
  • Can mimic MS
41
Q

3 Major Patterns of Fungal Meningoencephalitis:

A
  1. Chronic Meningitis
  2. Vasculitis
  3. Parenchymal invasion
42
Q

What 2 fungi are usually associated w/ vasculitis

A

Mucor (especially diabetics)

Aspergillus

43
Q

What 2 fung are usually associated w/ brain invasion?

A

Candida

Cryptococcus

44
Q

Rabies asociated w/ this animal

A

BATS!

45
Q

Rabies encephalopathy pathopnemonic finding:

A

Negri bodies in brain

46
Q

HIV encephalopathy has what finding:

A

Giant cells

47
Q

Vasculitis meningitis can cause what superficial finding?

A

Petechial hemorrhages

MQW U3 (11 decks)

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