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BDS3 sem 1 > Path > Flashcards

Path Flashcards

1
Q

Dyskeratosis

A

Abnormal keratinisation occurring prematurely in cells adjacent stratum corneum

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2
Q

Hyperchromasia

A

Dark staining nuclei due to increase DNA content and little cytoplasm

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3
Q

Architectural atypia

A

Dyskeratosis
Drop shape rete ridges
loss of basal cell polarity

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4
Q

Cytological Atypia

A 
Hyperchromasia
nuclear pleomorphism (abnormal nuclear size/shape)
Cellular pleomorphism (abnormal cell size/shape)
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5
Q

Suprabasal Mitosis

A

Mitosis in the epidermis occurring in cells above basal layer

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6
Q

Dysplasia

A

Abnormal cell types and development

Atypical growth and differentiation

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7
Q

Grades of Dysplasia

A

Mild, Moderate, Severe, Carcinoma in situ

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8
Q

Mild Dysplasia

A

atypical features up to 1/3 thickness (lower epithelium)
Slight nuclear pleomorphism
Normal maturation and stratification of upper layers

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9
Q

Moderate Dysplasia

A

atypical features up to 2/3 thickness
Evident nuclear pleomorphism
Suprabasal mitosis

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10
Q

Severe Dysplasia

A

atypical features up to entire thickness
Loss of maturation and normal stratification
Abnormal Suprabasal mitosis

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11
Q

Carcinoma in Situ Dysplasia

A

atypical features covering entire thickness, but not perforation of basement membrane.
Preinvasive SCC but better prognosis

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12
Q

SCC

A
  • CT invaded but no vascular
  • Invasion of malignant keratinocytes beyond basement membrane into underlying CT
  • Presence/integrity of encapsulation
  • infiltrative cohesive invasion pattern
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13
Q

TNM

A

T= Size
N= Lymph nodes
M=Metastasis

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14
Q

T =

A 
T1 = <2cm
T2 = 2-4cm
T3 = >4cm
T4 = >4cm &amp; invasion
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15
Q

N =

A 
N0 = No nodes involved
N1 = Ipsilateral palpable nodes
N2 = Contra/bilateral palpable nodes
N3 = Fixed palpable nodes
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16
Q

M =

A 
M0 = No metastasis
M1 = Metastastised
17
Q

Stage 1 =

A

T1,N0,M0

>50% 5yr survival

18
Q

Stage 2 =

A

T2,N0,M0

19
Q

Stage 3 =

A

T3,N0,M0
Tany,N1,M0
15-20% 5yr survival

20
Q

Stage 4 =

A

Tany,N2-3,M0
Tany,Nany,M1
<5% 5yr survival

21
Q

Description of a Lesion

A

5S and 5C

22
Q

5S =

A 
Site
Size
Shape (Irregular, Ovoid, Lacy, Polypoid)
Surface (ulcer, intact)
Symptoms
23
Q

5C =

A 
Colour (Red, white, mixed)
Contour (Sessile, pedunculated)
Consistency (fluctuant, fixed)
Circumscription (well defined borders/diffuse margins)
Chronology
24
Q

Pathologist to Surgeon

A

WEIDDVNCS

25
Q

WEIDDVNCS

A
  • What you think the lesion is? Is it benign or malignant?
  • Encapsulation: even partial good, slow moving and easier surgical incision
  • Infiltration: Daughter cells budding off. More=invasive
  • Differentiation: Resemblance to parental cells. No resemblance = more aggressive
  • Depth of lesion: lesion thickness, invaded surrounding tissues
  • Vital structures: penetration into submucosa, bone, BV
  • Necrosis
  • Chronic Inflammatory cellular infiltrate surrounding invading front of lesion
  • Surgical margins: +ve: lesion present at margins = lesion not fully removed
  • ve: No lesion at margins = lesion removed.
26
Q

White lesion

A

Developmental:
Leukodema
White Spongy Naevus

Infective
Oral Hairy Leukoplakia

Hyperplastic:
Smokers keratosis
Linear alba
Chronic hyperplasic candidiasis
Oral HPV Infection

Idiopathic
Leukoplakia

27
Q

Red Lesion/Gum lumps

A

Developmental:
Geographic tongue/Migratory Glossitis (loss of filiform)
Haemangioma (vascular)- localised proliferation of endothelia cells

Infective:
Herpes Virus 8 (vascular, purple, bleeds easy)
Leprosy (red/purple, nodule/ulcer)
Acute and Chronic Atrophic Candidiasis
Hypertrophic Candidiasis ( yellow/white plaque - if remove=acute if not=chronic)
Atrophic candidiasis (symptomatic=acute, asymptomatic=chronic)

Hyperplastic:
Fibroepithelial polyp
Pyogenic Granuloma (Granulation tissue, very vascular)
Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma (Vascular, multinucleated giant cells, surface ulcerations)
Calcifying Fibroblastic Granuloma

Inflammatory:
Lichen Planus
Erythroplakia (fixed red patch)

28
Q

Ulcer

A

Aphthous:

Erythematous margins

BDS3 sem 1 (12 decks)

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