Path 6: Vascular Events in Acute Inflammation Flashcards
Lung-bull
Light pink part: normal (could tell by feeling lung)
–below light pink
.the most infected part that is dark red, purple
.pneumonia/regionally extensive/its on the ventral and cranial part of the lung because animal walks on all 4
known as Shipping Fever
Inflammation is described as?
an organized cascade of fluid and cellular changes within vascularized tissue
Host response to remove damaged/necrotic tissue or foreign invaders
Inflammation is part of the process of _______ and ______
Repair
Healing
-destroys, dilutes, or walls off injurious agents
-initiates healing and tissue repair
Fundamentally Inflammation is what kind of response?
PROTECTIVE
-get rid of pathogens
-remove necrotic debris (phagocytosis)
-repair damage = return to normal structure/function
Inflammation and repair can be potentially __________
HARMFUL
-rheumatoid arthritis
-cirrhosis
-type 2 diabetes
-alzheimer’s disease
-atherosclerosis
5 cardinal signs of inflammation?
Heat
Redness
Swelling
Pain
Loss of function
Host stand point the goal is?
Dilute, destroy, or wall off injurious agents; initiates healing tissue repair
What are the 2 kind of inflammation types?
ACUTE
-rapid
-short duration
-characterized by exudation of fluid and plasma protein (edema) and emigration of leukocytes (mostly neutrophils)
CHRONIC
-longer duration (days to years)
-macrophages and lymphocytes
-proliferation of blood vessels and connective tissue (fibrosis)
What kind of diseases are caused by chronic diseases?
Life style diseases
ex.
rheumatoid arthritis
cirrhosis
type 2 diabetes
alzheimers
atherosclerosis
Kidney- Cat
Multifocal
disseminated
serpent-like opaque are following blood vessel
Vasculitis–FIP
3 main components of Acute inflammation
HYPERIMIA
-vascular change leading to increased blood flow
-changes in microvasculature perm that allows plasma proteins and leukocytes to leave the circulation
-Emigration of leukocytes into the perivascular area
First phase of inflammation?
Vascular system
increased blood flow
Second phase of inflammation?
endothelial cells become leaky of plasma proteins–> edema
Third phase of inflammation?
leukocytes crawl out of blood vessels going to site
neutrophil emigration
What are stimuli for Acute inflammation?
Infections
Trauma
Physical and chemical agents
Tissue necrosis
Foreign body
Immune reactions
Exudative
(extravascular fluid)
fluid goes out of vessel
-high protein concentration>5g/dL
-high cell content >5000 cells/mL
-Specific gravity >1.020
Formed when there is significant ALTERATION IN SMALL BLOOD VESSEL PERMEABILITY at the site of injury
pyometra
bacterial infection
pyometra
puss in uterus
Transudate (extravascular fluid)
low protein concentration <2g/dL
low cell content <1500 leukocytes/mL
Specific gravity < 1.012
pleural effusion relates with what?
hydrostatic pressure
edema
heart failure
Edema
an accumulation of fluid in intestinal or serous cavities
Pus
a purulent exudate rich in leukocytes (mostly neutrophils) and cell debris
Vascular phases and what occurs?
Vasodilation
increased permeability of microvasculature
loss of fluid results in concen of red cells in small vessels, increased blood sicosity and blood stasis
Stasis
Leakage in fluid
endothelial contraction
direct endothelial injury
leukocyte-dependent injury
increased transcytosis
endothelial contraction
increase in intererndothelial space
(mediated by histamine, bradykinins, leukotrienes)
rapid and short lived
unlike reason for big effect
direct injury to endo cells
direct injury can cause necrosis and detachment
starts immediately, lasts until thrombosis occurs or endothelium repaired
leukocytes-mediated injury
activated WBC may secrete FREE RADICALS and PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES, leading to cell damage
TRANSCYTOSIS
increased transport of fluid and protein through endothelial cells
