Bacteriology 10: Gram negative respiratory pathogens Flashcards
Is Pasteruellaceae is gram + or gram -
Gram -
Short rods
How many generas do Pasteruellaceae have and which do we need to know?
23 generas
the ones we need to know:
-Pasteruella multocida
-mannheimia haemolytica
-actinobacillus spp
-Histophilus somni
-Glasserella parasuis
-Avibacterium paragallinarum (chickens)
Shared features of Pasteruellaceae?
Gram- rods
Facultativelt anaerobic
Oxidase +
Most are NON-motile
grow on blood agar
-except histophilus, Glaeserella, Avibacterium need
additional growth factors e.g., in “chocolate” agar
Variable growth on MacConkey’s agar even though
gram negative rods
-P. multocida, Histophilus somni, Glaeserella
parasuis all CANNOT grow on MacConkey
Do Pasteruellaceae vary in their ability to cause disease?
YES
Some genra cause BROAD RANGE of infectious disease
Others cause more SPECIFIC SYNDROMES
Pasteurella Multocida description?
Gram negative rods (short)
Bipolar staining in Giemsa/Diff Quik
Facultatively anaerobic
Oxidase positive
Non-motile
Describe Pasteurellae
genus
species
key animal species affected,
key features of Dz
Where do Pasteurella Multocida come from?
UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
Digestive tract
Lower
Some are only present on the mucus membranes of CARRIER ANIMALS and birds
-NONE survive in the environment for a long time
How are Pasteurellacea transmitted?
Occur in sites NEAR where these bacteria occurs as part of the normal flora
TRANSMISSION
Inhalation
Direct inoculation either locally or systemically
How do Pasteurellaceae cause disease?
Attachment
Avoidance of phagocytosis
Cellular toxicity
Local & Systemic Effects
capsules (5 TYPES)
Endotoxins
EXOTOXINS- play a large role in their diseases
Pathogenesis of Pasteurellaceae infections?
What are factors?
OPPORTUNISTIC infections
-because its’s normal flora
Factors causing an OPPORTUNITY:
-transportation
-“stress”
-inhalation
-respiratory virus
What are Risk factors of pathogenesis of Pasteurellaceae infections?
Age
co-mingling
crowding or indoors
other infections (viral)
Poor weather
Pasteurella Multocida host and environment factors PLAY LESS OF A ROLE in the induction of disease-
add**
Pasteurella Multocida what is the big deal?
It occurs world wide
Significant cause of economic lossess
add**
What is the most important disease that Pasteurella Multocida causes?
PNEUMONIA
wide range
Bovine respiratory disease complex of shipping fever
What happens with Transport that causes Pasteurella Multocida?
Horses - heads being tied up
goats
chickens
When is the second biggest issue that Pasteurella Multocida causes?
RHINITIES
Rabbits
-known as “snuffles”
-Develop mucopurulent discharge that occludes nares and conjunctiva
-has a wide range of severity
Pigs
- disease of 3-7 weeks young pigs
Combined effects of 2 bacteria
add**
What are results in destruction of turbinates and conchal bones of the snout in pigs?
How does Pasteurella Multocida clinical seen?
Sneezing
Epistaxis
Facial distortion
Pasteurella Multocida infection with wound infections?
Cat bites are more likely to be infected in comparison to dogs
Bite wounds or licking open wounds
Pasteurella Multocida realtion with septicemia
Foreign animal disease
-Bovine hemorrhagic septicemia
-Fowl cholera (poultry) outbreaks of disease
Mannheimia haemolytica affects what species?
small ruminants and cattle
What are the 3 diseases that Mannheimia haemolytica cause?
Pnumonia/bronchopneumonia
-cattle-transport
-sheeps and goats
Necrotizing mastitis
-ewes
Septicemia
-lambs
Actinobacillus equuli is seen in what species?
HORSES
also pigs, calves)
What disease does Actinobacillus equuli?
Sleepy foal disease
Peritonitis in adult horses
Pneumonia and pleuropneumonia
Where does Actinobacillus equuli usually appear?
Liver
Actinobacillus lignieresii causess what disease?
Wooden tongue
ruminants
-result of trauma to oral cavity
multiple pyogranulomatous abscesses (chronic)
invasion can go past tongue
A. Pleuropneumoniae occurs in what species?
PIGS
due to overcrowding, poor ventilation, other agents
A. Pleuropneumoniae caues what disease?
Fibrinous pneumonia and pleuritis
-may be subclinical
Actinobacillus suis effects what species?
PIGS
What does A. Pleuropneumoniae causes?
SEPTICEMIA in pigs
mostly in piglets 1-8 weeks
invasion via respiratory tract
edema, and PETECHIAE throughout organs
Glaeserella parasuis effects what species?
PIGS
What diseases does Glaeserella parasuis cause?
Bronchopneumonia
-2nd to viral/mycoplasma infections
Glässer’s Disease
-Septicemia and polyserositis
-Young, weaned pigs (as maternal Ab is waning)
-STRESS (e.g., weaning, crowding) plays a major role in induction of this disease
Histophilus somni effects what speicies?
CATTLE
Histophilus somni causes what diseases?
Respritory disease
Thrombotic meningoencephalitis
Reproductive failure (abortion/infertility)
Avibacterium paragallinarum effects what species?
Pultry
CHICKENS
What does Avibacterium paragallinarum cause?
inflammation of turbinates, sinus epithelium, sometimes air sacculitis
sneezing and facial swelling
How you treat pasteurellaceae infections?
Antibiotics
~used to be susceptible~ to a wide range of antibiotics including oenicillin, teracyclines
However the resistance has INCREASED in Pasteurella and Mannheima for RUMINANTS
PENICILLIN still effective for
- pasteurella in other species
-antinobacillus spp. H somni
- may also use ampicillin, ect.
Avian disease: sulfonamides, erythromycin, tetracyclines
Ancillary therapy
DRAINAGE – it may be the only thing you may need
then supportive care
