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Block 6 > Path 1 > Flashcards

Path 1 Flashcards

1
Q

psammoma bodies, chromophobic, lots of ER & Golgi.

A

PRLoma

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2
Q

mixed cell somato/lactotroph adenoma or mammolactotroph, acidophilic macroadenoma

A

GHoma

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3
Q

basophilic/chromophobic MICROadenoma w/ pos immunoreactivity to POMC, ACTH, beta endorphins

A

corticotrophic adenoma aka Cushing dz or ACTH pit adenoma

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4
Q

what’s Nelson’s syndrome?

A

bil adrenalectomy -> inc CRH to inc ACTH & cortisol. hyperpig b/c inc MSH too (from POMC)

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5
Q

microadenoma in para/suprasellar; more inc of FSH than LH -> hormonally silent, just mass effect

A

gonadotrophic adenoma

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6
Q

macroadenoma along cell mem -> hyperthyroid & mass effect

A

thyrotropin adenoma

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7
Q

from GH, PRL, TSH -> respective effects. usually from gonadotrophs; not assoc w/ GH, ACTH, TSH. unencapsulated aggressive infiltrating neighboring tissue

A

plurihormonal adenomas. nonfxning adenoma. atypical pit adenoma

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8
Q

if pt can’t lactate, has amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea, breast involution/atrophy, wt loss after birth

A

sheehan

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9
Q

if pt has intracranial HTN, HA, hyperPRL, hypoGnRH/oligomenorrhea, hypopit

A

empty sella

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10
Q

genetic defects causing hypopit include:

A

GH defic, GHR defic, no pit-1 gene

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11
Q

craniopharyngioma

A

remnant of Rathke pouch along pit stalk; CTNNB1 -> WNT -> MYC, cyclin D1 & BRAF -> Ras -> MAPK -> MEK 1/2, ERK 1/2

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12
Q

adamantinomatous vs papillary craniopharyngioma

A

basophilic bottom layer, stellate reticulum interemed layer, wet/calcified keratin (ie. squamous cell ca) top layer; cystic spaces, brown/green fluid like motor oil, lipid/chol crystals vs none of that x/ it does have mature sq epith lining resembling oropharynx mucosa

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13
Q

clin pres & img of craniopharyngioma

A

inc ICP, HA, compressed optic chiasm -> vision defect, GH > FSH/LH > ACTH defic. CT for calcifications, MRI for location

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14
Q

Addison’s dz can cause vitiligo too b/c? labs?

A

autoimmune to melanocytes. hypoCl, normocytic anemia, dec cortisol/aldo/androgens (dec pubic/axillary hair)

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15
Q

causes of 1o acquired adrenal insuffic? what about 1o inherited adrenal insuffic?

A

hem, infxn, mets, infiltrative vs AR CAH, X-linked AHC (NROB1 -> DAX1), ALD

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16
Q

causes of 2/3o adrenal insuffic? img shows? is aldo affected?

A

hypopit d/o like pit adenoma or craniopharyngioma, megestrol acetate; steroid w/drawal. atrophied adrenals, thin ribbon cortex mostly of glomerulosa. no -> glomerulosa intact

17
Q

aldo-secreting adrenocortical adenoma vs aldo-secreting adrenocortical carcinoma

A

well differentiated round yellow mass, pseudocapsule, lipid-rich, spironolactone bodies if txed w/ that? tx w/ uni adrenalectomy vs heterogenous b/c hem/nec, invade pseudocapsule, lipid poor, mets to liver & lung

18
Q

genes for neuroblastomas. clin pres for neuroblastoma vs ganglioneuroma?

A

AD ALK on 2p23.3/.1, PHOX2B on 4p13; N-MYC. high catechol -> secretory diarrhea, opso/myoclonus syndrome, skull/bone mets, racoon eyes, vision impair vs mass effect

19
Q

primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical dz

A

black/brown micronodules on atrophied surface; pos lipofuscin or neuromelanin, neg iron; w/ Carney complex (inactivating PRKAR1A & PDE11a) -> high cortisol/low ACTH

20
Q

primary macronodular bil adrenal hyperplasia

A

AD somatic & germline mutation ARMC5; inc beta-adrenergic/glucagon/vasopressin/sero receptors, clear cyto/lipid rich or compact cyto/lipid poor

21
Q

oviducts have what 2 simple columnar cells?

A

ciliated cells ctrlled by estrogen throughout the month; peg cells = secretory cells bulging over surface

22
Q

interlobar vs intralobar mammary glands = made of? how does lactation work? what happens to mammary glands in PMP?

A

dense irreg copious adipose vs loose irreg fibroblasts. cyto has protein secreting cells -> lipid droplets in apical end -> epith cells = columnar to low cuboidal (after lipid secretion) -> alveoli extend -> myoepith cells surround ductal cells to move milk. epith atrophy, dec adipose but inc interlobar tissue

23
Q

Tumor causes of Cushing dz vs ectopic ACTH vs ectopic CRH

A

ACTH pit tumor vs SCLC, panc ca, prostatic ca vs medullary thyroid ca, pheo

24
Q

genetics of central vs nephro DI. cause of gest DI?

A

AD AVP vs X linked AVPR2 & AD/R AQP2. inc vasopressinase

25
Q

cvx characteristics per Hill

A

no zona fxnalis -> no shed; mucous secreting cells; outer part has strat sq

26
Q

vagina characteristics per Hill

A

no glands -> plexi for lube in lamina propria; lots of glycogen for acidophilic bacteria; nonkeratinized strat sq

27
Q

ut characteristics per Hill

A

endometrium- tubular glands, few collagen; fxnalis & basalis. myometrium- inner/outer longitudinal, middle layer in all directions

Block 6 (13 decks)

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