Cell Bio 2 Flashcards
TED vs pretibial myxedema
autoab against fibroblasts in eye mm -> fibroblasts become fat cells & expand -> compress on vessels -> edema vs orange peel ant legs/dorsum feet, nonpitting edema, waxy induration
wolff-chaikoff effect vs woltman’s sign
Both in hypothyroid. high I- inhib organification to M/DIT; d/t ingesting high I vs delayed relaxation of DTR esp Achilles tendon
Hashimoto vs Graves
autoab against thyroglobulin or TPO; most common in countries w/ I in food vs autoab to TSH receptors -> mimic TSH -> high T3/4
3 main fxns of insulin in liver vs adipose vs mm
inc glu uptake by GLUL4 & glucokinase, glycogen synthase, dec gluconeo by inc PFK -> F2,6BP vs activate lipoprotein lipase for FA storage, inhib hormone sensitive lipase, no FA[O] or ketoacid formation vs mod/heavy exer -> insulin indep, aa uptake
examples of 1o vs 2o vs 3o hyperthyroid
Graves -> TED, pretibial myxedema vs TSH pit adenoma vs hypothal tumor, sheehan syndrome, neurofibromatosis, glioma in peds
1o hyper vs hypoPTH vs PTHrP vs Albright dystrophy/pseudohypoPTH effects
inc Ca2+, urinary Ca2+ & PO4, urinary cAMP, bone resorption -> inc ALP; dec PO4 vs inc PO4; dec Ca2+ vs same w/ hyperPTH but now dec PTH d/t feedback inhib by Ca2+ vs defective Gs protein -> resistant to PTH -> inc PO4 & dec Ca2+; not correctable by exog PTH
chronic renal failure = 3o hyperPTH. how does it affect vit D? what causes 2o hyperPTH?
dec vit D prod -> dec Ca2+ -> inc bone resorption & PTH, osteomalacia, renal osteodystrophy. the resulting dec Ca2+
how does vit D indirectly inc Ca2+?
inc Ca2+ absorption in brush border, sl inc kidney reabsorp, interact w/ blast to paracrine w/ clasts -> bone resorp
what does calcitonin do?
opposite of PTH; targets osteoclasts -> less bone resorption -> dec Ca2+; inc intracell cAMP
amp vas vs prostate vs seminal vesicles nourish sperm by secreting?
citrate, fru vs citrate, Ca2+, alk vs fibrinogen, fru, PG
testo fxns. testo has neg feedback on what? what factors dec testo?
hair, deep voice, libido, growth spurt, thick skin, inc BMR & RBC, mm/bone -> retain Ca2+ & Na+. LH & GnRH. age, obesity
estrogen effects
bones/blasts, close epiphyseal plates; improve LDL, NO for sm mm relax, keratinocyte synthesis for smooth skin, neuroprotective, inc hormone sensitive lipase
physio changes in preg
inc TV, min vent, RR, resp alk, progesterone relaxes lig; inc GFR, ut compress bladder -> freq; progesterone relaxes ureters; inc CO/HR/SV, dec bp, progesterone relax blood vessels; varicose as ut push against pelvic vv
name all the neg feedback
inhibin on FSH, testo on LH & GnRH; estrogen on GnRH, prog on LH
