PastTest PastPapers Flashcards
Whats Leiner’s Disease ?
Chronic Diahorrea
Wasting
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Co-existing Pneumonia and Meningitis treatment ?
Gram Positive Cocci (Streptococcus Meningitis)
Ceftriaxone with Vancomycin
MOA of Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome ?
Astrocyte Apoptosis
then …. Oligodendrocyte Apoptosis
Brachial Neuritis
- Presentation
- Treatment
Pain not relieved by Non-Opiates and
GENERALISED Shoulder Weakness as the Pain Resolves.
Physio
Location of Gastinoma’s ?
1st Part of Duodenum
PPI - 1st Line but
Keep in Mind
60% have chance to become Malignant so Dudenectomy if within duodenum
CeleCoxib
Does it Increase or Decrease Bleeding and GI Ulcers ?
DECREASES both
Because COX 1 is
Promote Platelet Coagulation and Produce Mucus in GI lining
So if COX 2 ONLY blocked COX1 is free to protect lining and promote clotting hence
Less Bleeding and Less GI Ulcers in COX2 inhibitors
Reason for Hemoptysis in Bronchiectasis
Capillary Engorgement
Strongest Risk Factor for Osteonecrosis of the Jaw ?
Dental Caries
Anyone who received Blood Products after 1980 cant donate blood.
Remember
Treatment for HIV Nephropathy
HAART
What points toward BACTERIAL Endocarditis ?
Fever
Rhumatic Heart Disease
Diagnostic Criteria Mnemonic
GABHS OR Anti Streptolysin O
PLUS
2 Major or
1 Major + 2 Minor
JONES (Major) CAFE PAL (Minor)
Joint Involvement
O =MyOcarditis
Nodules
Erythema Marginatum
Syndenham Chorea
CRP Elevated
Arthralgia
Fever
ESR Elevated
Prolonged PR
Anamnesis of Rheumatic
Leukocytosis
Steven Johnson Syndrome Drugs ?
PCP LAPSE
Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
Phenobarbital
Lamotrigine
Allopurinol
Penicillin
Sulfa Drugs
Erythromycin
ABACAVIR
INDAPAMIDE
ERV or FVC reduced in Obesity ?
ERV !!!!
White Lacy Lesions in the Buccal Mucosa ?
Lichen Planus - Topical Steroids
Lichen Sclerosis - Genitals
Thyroid Hormone receptor found where ?
NUCLEUS !!!!
TSH - Gs Coupled !!!!
PDE6 found where and if inhibited causes what ?
Rods and Cones
Blue Discoloration
Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome
Reverse Osmotic Shift
After Dialysis –> Low Urea in Blood but High Urea in Brain
Water move from Brain to Vessels –> Cerebral Edema
Confusion Headaches etc…
Differentiating Vitamin B12 from Folate ?
Look for Glossitis in Folate Deficiency
When to give dopamine and when to give Trans-Sphenoidal Resection in Prolactinomas
IF Macroprolactinoma –> Bromocriptine
IF Non functioning adenomas —> Transsphenoidal Surgery
IF acromegaly its trans-sphenoidal surgery -> somastatin analogue -> dopamine agonist
Why some family members with BRCA have the Cancer and Some Dont ?
Autosomal Dominant
Reduced Penetrance
How does alcohol cause hypoglycemia ?
Alcohol diverts the blood from Exocrine to Endocrine and stimulate Insulin Release
Increased Insulin Synthesis
Chronic Venous Ulcer associated with Which Cancer ?
Squamous Cell Carcinoma !!!!!!
Excise
Mixing Studies do not work in which disease
Acquired Hemophilia A
FEIBA !!!
Contraindication for Lung Transplantation in CF ?
BMI < 15
Active Mycobacterial Infection
Which Antiepileptic DOES NOT cause HEART BLOCK
Primidone
When to stop ALL Anti - TB Medications
Symptomatic Hepatitis
Bilirubin High
ALT > 5 X upper limit
Seminoma vs Non Seminoma Tumor Marker ?
Non Seminoma - AFP
Seminoma - HCG
SJS HLA Association
B 1502
In Cystic Fibrosis Patients what Anti-Diabetic Medication is given ?
Insulin
Fibrates MOA
Evanicumab MOA ?
PPAR
Angiotensin like Protein 3 Inhibitor
What % does Smoking contribute to Lung Cancer ?
85%
Which Tumour Marker for Colon Cancer Recurrence ?
CEA —-> Also for Mets
Hydatid Disease of the Liver Treatment ?
Echinococcus
Albendazole
What medication should be used cautiously in Severe Aortic Stenosis Patients because of the Outflow Gradient ?
BB - if you slow the heart down the blood might not be able to leave
Which Anti-TB drug increases Hydrocortisone Requirement ?
Rifampicin
How is Pyrazinamide metabolized ?
By Amidase in Liver to Pyrazinoic Acid
TPN Requirements daily
25-35 kcal/kg
Drug used in Anterior Uveitis?
Cycloplegic Drugs -
Cyclopentolate - Paralyze the Ciliary Body and Prevent Iris sticking to Lens
Topical Steroids
Liraglutide Indication ?
BMI 35 (or 32.5 in Ethnic Minority)
Pre-Diabetic
High Risk of Metabolic Syndrome - Dyslipidemia, HTN
Clozapine MOA ?
Dopamine Agonist at
1 3 4 5HT2A
Weak at 2
How are Reticulocytes identified vs Erythrocytes ?
Reticular Pattern of Ribosomal RNA on Methyl Blue Staining
Normoblast (with Nucleus) —-> Reticulocytes (without Nucleus)
So Nucleus Extruded
Colchicine MOA ?
Febuxostat MOA ?
Urate 1 Transporter Inhibitor ?
Tubulin Polymerase Inhibitor
Non Purine Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor
Benzbromarone
Cardiac Myxomas Common in Left or Right Atrium ?
Left Atrium
Ring of Small Papules in Dorsum of Hand
What is it ?
Granuloma Annulare
Type 4 HSN
Drug of Choice for Lupus Nephritis ?
Mycophenolate
Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum Features and Gene
Plucked Chicken Skin
Retinal Streaks
CVD
ATP binding cassette protein - Family C Number 6 Mutation
Classical Ehler Danlos Mutation
Collagen Type V Alpha
What receptors does Nicotine Bind to ?
Ach
How to reduced the Left Ventricular Outflow Obstruction in HOCM ?
BB
DHP CCB - Verapamil
Mebendazole MOA ?
Inhibit Tubulin Polymerization
Baclofen MOA ?
Barbiturates / Topiramate and Propofol MOA ?
GABA B Agonist
GABA A Agonist
In Women with UTI if eGFR < 45 then what’s 1st line ?
1st line Pivmecillinam
2nd Line Fosfomycin
DMARD advised for AS ?
Adalimumab / Golimumab / Etanercept
Treatment for Carcinoid Syndrome ?
Octreotide —> Telotristat (Tryptophan Hydrolase Inhibitor)
Why does Hepatorenal Syndrome Occur ?
Raised Endothelin 1
Which Anti-Depressant has the leads impact on Sexual Function ?
Mirtazepine
Alpha 2 Blocker
5HT2/3 Blocker
Denosumab MOA ?
Nuclear Factor Kappa B Ligand blocker
Hep B Management
1st Line
Pegylated Interferon 2 Alpha for 48 weeks
Entacavir -
2nd Line or 1st line if High Viral Load with Immunosuppression
if PCM OD whats the biggest Risk Factor for Acute Liver Failure ?
Low BMI !!!!
Esophageal Ulcers in HIV patient
Whats the Causative Pathogen ?
CMV
Treat with Valganciclovir
Monitoring for Myotonic Dystrophy ?
Repeat ECG’s for Heart Block
Which drug causes Leg Swelling ? due to peripheral vasodilation
Diltiazem doesn’t
Alpha Blocker
Which Artery is Responsible for Lateral Medullary Syndrome ?
Vetebral (MCC) —> PICA (2nd most Common) !!!
Cyclophosphamide MOA ?
Canakinumab MOA ?
Inhibit B and T cells
IL1 Antagonist
Which Tumor Marker for what ?
- Seminoma
- Non Seminoma
- Mets from Seminoma
- HCG
- AFP
- LDH (higher in higher tumor burden) although not specific to Seminoma like HCG !!!!
Non Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema Treatment of Choice ?
CPAP
What determines Prognostic Factor in Melanoma ?
Breslow Thickness of Lesion
If HELLP what do you do ?
FIRSTLY —> Load 4g IV MgSO4 - Control BP and buy time
DELIVER !!!
Mild Diahorrea + Right Iliac Fossa Pain + Gran Negative Rod ?
Yersinia Enterocolitica
Undercooked Pork !!!!
