2 Hammer & 3 Hammer Questions Flashcards
Drugs that cause Gingival Hyperplasia
PANiC
Phenytoin
AML
Nifedipine
Cyclosporin
CCB
Character of Lung Metastasis and Where the Cancer Came From ?
- Milary
- Calcification
- Hemorrhagic
- Cavitating
- Alveolar Spread
- Miliary = Melanoma
- Calcification = Chondrosarcoma / Osteosarcoma
- Hemorrhagic = Choriocarcinoma
- Cavitating = Squamous
- Alveolar Spread = Adenocarcinoma
End Organ Resistance to Testosterone
What Chromosomal Pattern ?
46XY
Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
Genetically Male but having Female Phenotype
In Polymyalgia Rheumatica is the CK elevated ?
CK and EMG normal
What is measured to monitor progression of COPD ?
FEV1
If not responding (Anti-HBs <10) to Hep B Vaccination after a full course of vaccination. Whats Next ?
Anti-HBs levels >100: no further dose, 5 year booster for health/lab workers
10-100: 1 further dose
<10: test for current or past infection + 3 dose repeat course of vaccine + do Ab levels after 2nd dose
If still <10 and no infection: HBIG needed if exposed
Dopamine is a Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone. What is hormone in the Hypothalamus that RELEASES Prolactin ?
TRH
Primary Hypothyroidism
What causes QT Shortening ?
Digoxin
Hypercalcemia
Hypermagnesemia
Thyrotoxicosis
Lamotrigine
Liddle Syndrome Facts
- MOA
- Inheritance
- Alkalosis or Acidosis
- Renin / Aldosterone Ratio High or Low
- Treatment ?
- Gain of Function NaCl Channels at DCT
- Alkalosis
- Low Renin / Aldosterone Ratio
- Treated with ENAC
Stages of Diabetic Nephropathy ?
Stage 1: Hyperfiltration
Stage 2: Silent
Stage 3: Microalbuminuria
Stage 4: Proteinuria
Which Drug to give in Patients in whom we are expecting to have Neutropenia when they undergo Chemotherapy ?
What Cancers do we give Filgrastim for Neutropenia ?
Fluroquinolone
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
ALL
Exposure to Chicken Pox and What to do ?
If at risk (immunocompromised) and significant contact was within 7 days:
- get tested for varicella ab
If at risk and significant contact past 7 days:
- start PEP (VZIG)
Vaccination Schedule for Hyposplenism Patients
Pneumococcal, Hemophilus type b, and Meningococcal type C vaccines should be administered 2 weeks before or after splenectomy.
Schedule:
Men C and Hib at two weeks post-splenectomy.
MenACWY vaccine one month later.
Children under 2 may need a booster at 2 years.
Pneumococcal vaccines
Pen V for LIFE
Infection in a Post Renal Transplant Patient —> Think ?
CMV !!!!
Congenital CMV Features
Pinpoint petechial ‘blueberry muffin’ skin lesions
Microcephaly
Sensineural Hearing Loss
Throat swab microscopy with methylene blue staining demonstrates a ‘Chinese letter pattern’ with metachromatic granules.
Which Condition ?
Diptheria
Melioidosis
1 Organism ?
2. Strongest Risk Factor ?
3. Features
4. Treatment ?
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Diabetes
- Pneumonia
Localized Ulcer
Visceral abscesses - Prostate Spleen Kidney Liver - Initially - IV ceftazidime, imipenem, or meropenem for 10-14 days
Followed by eradication therapy: oral TMP/SMX (plus doxycycline) for 3-6 months
Adjunct therapy: abscess drainage.
Treatment for Otitis Externa ?
1st Line - Topical Abx or Topical Abx + Steroid Combination
- If Tympanic Membrane is perforated –> avoid Aminoglycoside
IFG and IGT
Which is Hepatic and Muscle Intolerance ?
H&M -> hepatic, then muscle
IFG, do OGTT to check if IGT
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRTase) deficiency
x-linked recessive therefore only seen in boys
Features: gout, renal failure, neurological deficits, learning difficulties, self-mutilation
Which drug causes a Blue Tinge in Vision ?
Sildanefil
To simplify: there is only one depolarising muscle relaxant , and it is Suxamethonium . It’s the drug that causes General anaesthesia side effects we always hear about : malignant hyperthermia and Hyperkalemia ( it also causes arrhythmia ) . and only one that doesn’t have specific antidote ( unlike the nondepolarising muscle relaxants ) . Mechanism of action : acetylcholine agonist by binding to ACh receptors , preventing ACh binding to them .
All others drugs are non depolarising neuromuscular class
How does HPV cause Cervical Cancer ?
HPV 16 & 18 produces the oncogenes E6 and E7
genes respectively
E6 inhibits p53 tumour suppressor gene
E7 inhibits RB tumour suppressor gene
IgG4 disease associated pathologies
Riedel’s Thyroiditis
Autoimmune pancreatitis
Mediastinal and Retroperitoneal Fibrosis
Periaortitis/periarteritis/Inflammatory aortic aneurysm
Kuttner’s Tumour (submandibular glands) & Mikulicz Syndrome (salivary and lacrimal glands)
Possibly sjogren’s and primary biliary cirrhosis
Nitrofuratydl MOA
5HT2 Antagonist
Layers of the Skin and their Facts ?
C - Dead cells
L - Thick Skin Only
G - Desmosomes
S - Thickest Layer of Epidermis
Basale / Germinavatum - Melanocytes / Keratinocytes
How does Azetazolamide cause Hypokalemia ?
More Na+ delivered to Distal DCT which then absorbs Na+ in exchange for K+
Acelator Status
Hydralazine
Isoniazid
Sulfasalazine
Procainamide
e
e
Dapsone
Anti-A, B blood antibodies What Type ?
IgM
What Medication known to increase WAFARINs effect
Azathioprine
What is Contact with TB Patient ?
Mantoux Test
If Negative give BCG Vaccine if
1. 35y/o or Younger
2. 36 y/o or older IF HEALTHCARE OR LAB WORKER
3. Never had BCG
Which drug causes Parotid Swelling
PTU
Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome = Ezcema and Thrombocytopenia
X linked Gammaglobuniemia = Infants and Neonatal Infection
CVID = Teenage Life + Bronchiectasis
in TOF what medication can be given to ease the cyanosis ?
Beta Blocker
Which Pathologies have Koebner’s Phenomenon ?
Koebner Phenomenon
Likes Very Widespread Marked Lesions’
K: Koebner
P: Psoriasis
L: Lichen planus
V: Vitiligo
W: Warts
M: Molluscum contagiosum
L: Lichen sclerosus
Diagnostic Criteria for COPD (not Severity !!)
FEV1/FVC<70% + Symptomatic
Morphine to Diamorphine
Morphine / 3 = Diamorphine
Metastatic Bone Pain Treatment ?
Analgesia
Bisphosphonates
Radiotherapy
Atopic vs Polymorphic Eruption of Pregnancy
Eczematous Distribution
Polymorphic -
1. Pruritic papules to erythematous plaques
2. Starts at Striae
Dermatomyositis vs Polymyositis
PM
Anti Jo1 abx ===> ILD
Anti SRP ===> Cardiomyopathy
DM
Anti Mi good Px
Anti p140/p155 asso w cancer
Anti MDA5 asso w ulceration
