Pastest Flashcards
How long after eating food contaminated with s.aureus until symptoms of food poisoning start?
1-6 hours
What are the side effects of sulfasalazine?
Myelosuppression
Stomatitis
Parotitis
Periorbital oedema
What are the general causes of prolonged APTT?
Factor VIII deficiency
Factor VIII inhibitor
Anti-phospholipid syndrome
How can factor VIII deficiency be differentiated from factor VIII inhibitor?
50:50 mixing study
Which drugs inhibit VIII (by producing autoantibodies)?
Phenytoin
Penicillin
Sulfa drugs
What are acquired causes of factor VIII deficiency?
Pregnancy Diabetes Psoriasis MS SLE
How do bile acids cause diarrhoea post ileocaecal resection?
Decrease transit time
Increase motility
Deconjugated by bacteria to produce end products that stimulate water and electrolyte secretion
Name 5 causes of a transudative ascites?
Budd-Chiari syndrome Hepatic cirrhosis Right sided heart failure Nephrotic syndrome Acute nephritis
Name 3 causes of exudative ascites.
Infection
Inflammation
Malignancy
Why is flexible sigmoidoscopy indicated in diagnosing severe flare of ulcerative colitis?
To exclude CMV colitis, which is associated with a poor response to treatment and high relapse rate
What are the features of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy?
Pruritus
Jaundice
Raised ALT, bilirubin, bile acids
What is the treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy?
Ursodeoxycholic acid
What are the features of acute fatty liver of pregnancy?
Liver failure - inc coagulopathy and encephalopathy
High foetal and maternal mortalities
How do villous adenoma present?
Hypokalaemic hypochloraemic metabolic alkalosis
Copious diarrhoea
What is the cause of hydatid disease and where is it found?
Propagating cysts formed by echinococcus granulosis
Found in sheep farming areas
What is the most sensitive test for acute/ongoing Hep B infection?
HBV DNA
What is a consequence of giardia infection?
Lactose intolerance
What is the cause of jaundice in pernicious anaemia?
High bilirubin secondary to increased turnover of immature RBCs
What is seen on biopsy of sarcoid granulomas?
Asteroid bodies
What is neuralgic amytrophy AKA brachial plexitis?
Autoimmune, post vaccine/infection/surgery/childbirth
Severe pain followed by weakness, winging of the scapula
What is teraparatide?
A PTH analogue which increases osteoblastic activity
What is the cause of prolonged PR interval in hyperkalaemia?
Progressive paralysis of the atria
What does the right coronary artery continue as, after supplying the right atrium and right ventricle?
Posterior descending artery
Supplies posterior LV wall and posterior IV septum
What are the consequences of selective IgA deficiency?
Patients more likely to have a IgG2 deficiency which leads to recurrent bacterial infection
Increased risk of pernicious anaemia, allergy, and coeliac disease
Increased risk of anaphylactic response to blood products