Derm Flashcards
What is a small, crusty/scaly lesion that is pink, brown, red, or neutral, which develops as a consequence of chronic sun exposure?
Actinic/solar keratoses
What is the treatment of actinic keratoses?
2-3 weeks fluorouracil cream
Topical imiquimod
What benign epithelial tumour looks like a volcano then grows to become a crater filled with keratin?
Keratoacanthoma
What are the characteristics of basal cell carcinoma?
Morphoeic Firm/rough/waxy Pearly/flesh coloured Papular Telangiectasia Lateral ulceration
What is the treatment of BCC?
Routine referral
Topical imiquimod/fluorouracil
Moh’s surgery
What are 6 risk factors for SCC?
Sunlight Actinic keratoses/Bowen's disease Immunosuppression Smoking PUVA therapy for psoriasis Oculocutaneous albinism
What are the characteristics of SCCs that arise in a chronic scar?
Aggressive
Increased risk of metastases
What is the management of SCC?
<20mm diameter: excision with 4mm margins
>20mm diameter: excision with 6mm margins
What is the most important prognostic factor in malignant melanoma?
Breslow thickness (invasion depth)
50% malignant melanoma patients have which mutation?
BRAF mutation
What is vemurafenib?
BRAF inhibitor which improves survival in malignant melanoma
What are the 2 types of contact dermatitis?
Irritant
Allergic
What is skin prick test useful for?
Pollen and food allergies
What does RAST do?
Determines that amount of IgE that reacts specifically with suspected or known allergens
What type of dermatitis is skin patch testing used for?
Contact
What are the characteristics of eczema herpeticum?
Monomorphic
Punched out erosions
Pruritic blisters/vesicles
What is the treatment of eczema herpeticum?
IV aciclovir
What fungi is seborrhoeic dermatitis an inflammatory reaction to?
Malassezia furfur
What is seborrhoeic dermatitis associated with?
HIV
Parkinsons
What is the treatment of keyloid scars?
Intra-lesional steroids e.g. triamcinolone
What is the cause of livedo reticularis?
Obstruction of capillaries resulting in swollen venules
What are the causes of livedo reticularis?
SLE PAN Cryoglobulinaemia APS Homocystinuria
What is the pathophysiology of dermatitis herpetiformis?
Deposit of IgA in the dermis
What rash is associated with lung cancer?
Erythema gyratum repens
What rashes are associated with lymphoma?
Erythroderma
Acquired ichthyosis
What rashes are associated with diabetes?
Necrobiosis lipoidica
Candidiasis
Lipotrophy granuloma annulare
What are 5 causes of erythema nodosum?
Strep infection Sarcoid Pregnancy IBD Penicillins/sulphonamides/COCP
What are 5 causes of pyoderma gangrenosum?
Idiopathic IBD CTD Myeloproliferative disorders SLE PBC
What are 6 causes of hirsuitism?
PCOS Cushing's CAH Obesity (insulin resistance) Androgen therapy Phenytoin/steroids
What is the scoring system used for hirsuitism?
Ferriman-Gallwey
What are the treatments for hirsuitism?
Weight loss
Co-cyprindiol/ethinylestradiol and drospirenone
Topical eflornithine
What are 6 causes of hyperptrichosis?
Porphyria cutanea tarda Minoxidil Ciclosporin Congenital hypertrichosis lanuginosa Anorexia
What rash is seen in glucagonoma?
Necrolytic migratory erythema
What is the cause of pityriasis/tinea versicolor?
Superficial infection with malassezia furfur