Past Q Run Through 1

Question 1

CKD nutrition

Answer 1

Low sodium
High protein
Low phosphate 
Limited potassium 
Limited fluid

Question 2

Hyperkalaemia ECG

Answer 2

Tented T waves
Broad QRS
Absent P waves
Bradycardia

Question 3

Oily fish

Answer 3

Reduces LDL, increases HDL

Reduced platelet aggregation

Question 4

Acute tubular necrosis

Answer 4

Hypotension = poor perfusion

Ischaemia

Question 5

Obesity social effets

Answer 5

Depression
Lost work days
Increased illness

Question 6

Dehydration signs

Answer 6

Dry oral mucosa 
Thirst 
Headache 
Dizziness 
Oliguria

Question 7

Septic hypotension

Answer 7

Biphasic

Local NO release
Capillary leakage + oedema

Question 8

Fluids effects

Answer 8

5% dextrose - increases intracellular too

Saline - only extracellular

Question 9

Heart sounds

Answer 9

Lub 1st

Atrioventricular valves

Dub 2nd

Semilunar valves

Question 10

MI testing

Answer 10

ECG, myocardial perfusion scan, troponin

Question 11

Aortic stenosis signs

Answer 11

Slow rising pulse, narrow pulse pressure, systolic murmur, SOB

Question 12

Aortic regurgitation signs

Answer 12

Collapsing pulse, wide pulse pressure, diastolic murmur

Question 13

Mitral regurgitation signs

Answer 13

Pansystolic murmur, loudest at apex

Question 14

Chemokine recruiters

Answer 14

TNF alpha recruits macrophages

IL8 recruits neutrophils

Question 15

CKI management

Answer 15

Symptomatic
Haemodialysis
Peritoneal dialysis
Transplant

Question 16

Symptoms CKI

Answer 16

Oedema, nausea, itching, tiredness