PAST PAPERS Flashcards
most important test for ob cholestasis
bile acids
citalopram side effect
qt prolongation
what is area affected first in dementia
hippocampus
delusion where they are convinced their partner is cheating on them
othello
what electrolyte abnormality is associated with antidepressants
hyponatraemia
whats the probability of being paralysed from an epidural
1 in 50,000
what risk of normal delivery is increased in a water birth
PPH
at what GA does parity count
24 weeks
what strains of HPV are targeted by the quadrivalent vaccine
6
11
16
18
whats the most effective form of emergency contraception
copper IUD
paeds fracture fall on outstreched hand
suprachondylar
toxic left shift
lymphadenitis
what type of haemophilia is more common
a
definitive test for cystic fibrosis
geentic testing
what causes toxic left shift in paeds
lymphadenitis
due to bacterial infection lots of WCs are produced
when were mental health act vs mental capacity act made
MHA= 1983
MCA= 2005
who does the MCA apply to
those over 16 yrs
what class of medication is mirtazipine
noradrenaline and serotoninergic antidepressant
less severe vs more severe depression
less: PHq 9 <15 or 15
more: phq 9 >15 ie 16 or more
what medication is preferred in rapid tanquilisation
IM lorazepam
use this if not sure what one to give or patient not been on antisychotics before
what 2 medications can be used for rapid tranquilisation
IM lorazepam
IM haloperidol with promethazine
differences between pseudodementia and dementia
present similarly but no cognitive impairement in pseudodemetia
identify it as having:
more rapid onset, low mood, pt exaggerating sx, identifiable trigger, have insight, psych hx, responsive to questions
under what age is it mandatory to report fgm
under 18
must be done within a month
what to do if a child is at risk of fgm
make a referral to childrens social care
if at immediate risk call 999
hep b surface antigen
first antigen to be detected
if present for more than 6 months= chronic infection
law on re infibulation
it is illegal and cannot be done under any circumstance
what is anti hep b core antibody used for
this is the one where you get IgM and IgG therefore you can see if someone has acute or chronic/cleared infection
what antibody do people vaccinate against hep b have
anti hep b surface antibody
what is hep b e antigen and anti hep b e antibody used for
hep b e is an indicator of how active the infection is
it can therefore be used to see if a chronic infection is active or inactive (its active if e antigen is present)
presence of anti hep b e antibody therefore indicates an inactive status
first line for menorrhagia due to fibroids (and when can it be considered)
LNG IUS
<3cm
no distortion of uterine cavity
no other pathology
adenomyosis
what size uterus may you consider referral
> 3cm
what GA do foetal movements plateau
32 weeks
reduced foetal movement order of ix
1= doppler to identify heartbeat
2= ultrasound if not identified, CTG if identified and over 28 weeks GA
3= if there is still perception of reduced foetal movements after a reassuring CTG or if any risk factors for stillbirth etc, also do an US within 24hrs
when to feel for IUD threads
4-6 weeks after insertion
then monthly or after menses
how long after CIN is a test of cure smear done
6 months
if the test of cure after CIN mx is HPV positive whats done
immediate colposcopy
what antibiotics are given for pprom?
erythromycin 250mg Qd for 10 days or until labour established
indications for emergency cervical cerclage
16-28 weeks GA
dilated cervix and unruptured membranes
indications for tocolysis
24-25+6 weeks GA
how is breast abscess managed
urgent referral to general surgeon for aspiration and drainage
in a foetus with transverse lie where there is SROM and CTG distress what has likely happened
cord prolapse
when q is asking for heavy period mx and picking between tranexamic and mefanamic acid pick what
tranexamic
what BMI is weight loss recommended in incontinence
> 30
what do you measure at booking for hep B
surface antigen
most likely cause of azoospermia
varicocele
what does a lambda sign on US indicate
DCDA twin pregnancy
when should you aim to dleiver DCDA twins
37 weeks
if someone comes in for sterilisation but has had protected sex what do you do
continue with surgery as long as sex was protected
when are serial growth scans offered to women who smoke during pregnancy
if they smoke more than 10/day
whats first line for candida
topical clotrimazole or pessary
what antibodies are seen when someone has sacroilitis
none
what first line for ESBL
carbapenam
what covers vancomycin resistant enterococcus
linezolid
Which agent is an Interleukin 6 (IL-6) inhibitor, indicated for treatment of severe COVID-19
infection with hypoxia?
Anakinra
Nafamostat
Palivizumab
Ruxalitinib
Tocilizumab
tocilizumab
Streptococcus pneumoniae is resistant to penicillin, by which mechanism?
Alteration of the target that binds the antimicrobial
Bypass of the antimicrobial susceptible step in metabolism
Enhanced efflux of the antimicrobial
Enzymatic inactivation of the antimicrobial
Impaired uptake of the antimicrobial into the bacterial cell
Alteration of the target that binds the antimicrobial
Which antiviral agent is used for the treatment of Influenza A?
Cidofovir
Foscarnet
Ribavirin
Tenofovir
Zanamivir
zanamivir
zanamivir moa
neuraminidase inhibitor
what is haemorrhagic cystitis associated with
BK virus
cyclophosphamide
