GET AHEAD/450 SBAS Flashcards
where does fertilisation occur
ampulla of fallopian tube
management in mild dyskaryosis HPV-ve smear
routine recall
what influences risk of ovarian cancer
ovulation
the more you ovulate the higher your risk is
what emergency condition does ARM increase risk of
cord prolapse
at what bhcg does a pregnancy become visible on tvus
> 1000
what should you make sure to account for in gravidity and parity calculations
current pregnancy
how many units is a pint of beer
2
how many ml and units is a small wine glass
125
1.5 units
how many ml and units is a medium wine glass
175
2.1 units
how many ml and units is a large wine glass
250
3 units
how many units is a pint of beer
2 if low strength
3 if high strength
max no of pints/week
14 units
A 22-year-old woman complains of problems staying awake during the
day. She often falls asleep at inappropriate moments and has occasionally
collapsed when she has fallen asleep in a standing position. The periods of
sleep are of a sudden onset but last only a few minutes. whats the diagnosis
narcolepsy
describe the movements of the baby during labour
engagement
flexion
internal rotation
extension (as baby is crowning)
external rotation
expulsion
common complications after c section
persistent wound and abdo discomfort in the first few months following surgery
infection
fetal lacerations
readmission to hospital
future c sections
future placenta accreta
future uterine rupture
how long does it take to make sperm
64 days
if asked about emergency condition a women is at risk of and shes had a previous c section
uterine rupture
whats the most common cause of secondary PPH
infection
constant specific abdo pain as pregnancy progresses is due to
symphysis pubis dysfunction
symphysis pubis dysfunction pain
radiates to thighs and perineum
worse as pregnancy progresses
what is ukmec 1-4
1= no risks
2= adv generally outweigh risks
3= risks outweight adv
4= unacceptable risk
where is hypertension on ukmec
well controlled= ukmec 3
>160/110= ukmec 4
difference between subtotal and total hysterectomy
total= uterus and cervix removed
subtotal= only uterus removed
why might you do a subtotal hysterectomy vs total
its quicker and less risk of damaging surrounding structures
what is left in place after a total hysterectomy
ovaries and fallopian tubes
what oxytocin receptor antagonist may be used for tocolysis
atosiban
this is second line to nifedipine
when is anti d routinely given
28 weeks (if single dose 1500, if not 500)
34 weeks
postnatal (and do kleihaeur)
after sensitising events
what is HbH
formed in alpha thalssaemia
Hb with 4 beta globin chains
what is laryngotracheobronchitis
croup
hypersensitivity to egg is a contraindication to what vaccine
influenza
what medication course in kids is a contraindication to live vaccines
steroids
2 weeks pred counts, need to delay for 3 months and immunocompromised till then
what 2 ix do you have to do in a kid who had a suspected seizure
BG
ECGf
first line anti epileptic for absence seizure
ethosuximide
what is antistrepsylin o titre and throat swab an ix for
to see if there has been recent streptococcal infection
whats pyuria
high WCC in urine
US during infection indicated in paediatric UTI when
under 6 months:
atypical UTI
first UTI
recurrent UTIs
6months-3yrs:
atypical UTI
over 3 yrs:
atypical UTI
US 6 weeks after paeds UTI when
under 6 months:
responds well to abx in 48hrs
not atypical or recurrent
6months-3yrs:
recurrent UTI
3 yrs over:
recurrent UTI
DMSA in paeds UTI when
under 6 months:
atypical or recurrent
6months-3yrs:
atypical or recurrent
over 4 yrs:
recurrent
MCUG in paeds UTI when
ONLY FOR UNDER 6 MONTHS
if UTI atypical or recurrent
if a child is normal but has a neural tube defect what do they have
meningocele
common age for sufe
10-15
what is kernicterus
high bilirubin damaging brain/ nervous system
how is breast cancer treated in pregnancy
chemo in mid/third trimester and delivery 3 weeks after chemo
how to image a PE in pregnancy
v/q scan
way less radiation than ctpa
ctpa and v/q scan are the only definitive diagnostic tests
what murmur is normal in pregnancy
soft systolic flow murmur
what position should you put a women in during eclampsia
left lateral
is there a way to predict stillbirth in obstetric cholestasis
no
when are antenatal steroids offered
24-33+6 weeks GA and in labour, PPROM or planned early birth
time frame for giving a woman vzig
within 10 days of contact as long as they dont have sx
wait for antibody results to come back as they take 24-48 hrs before vzig is given
ECV in a twin pregnancy
NO
PUPP vs
pemphigoid gestationalis vs
prurigo gestationalis vs
PUPP= umbilicus sparing
pemphigoid gestationalis= starts at umbilicus
prurigo gestationalis= affects limbs more
what is testicular volume for start of puberty
> 4ml
most important differential to rule out in undescended testes
CAH due to salt losing crisis
growth charts for downs syndrome
different
chondromalacia patellae vs osteochondritis dissecans
chondromalacia patellae= creptius, plays sports
osteochondritis dissecans= locking, giving way
TORCH infections
congential:
toxo
other
rubella
CMV
HSV
features of TORCH infections
prematurity
jaundice
microcephaly
hepsplenmeg
thrombocytopenia
anaemia
seizures
most severe form of spina bifida
myelomeningocele
most common meningitis organism
enterovirus
marfan syndrome inheritance
autosomal dominant
at what age can an infant roll
4 months
when is desmo used first line in enuresis
over 7 and short term control needed
eczema herpeticum pathogen
HSV
what is given in anaphylaxis after adrenaline
give high flow oxygen
give IV fluids
give IV clorphenamine and hydrocortisone
can also give salbutamol nebs
can also elevate legs
when to take out IUD in PID
mild/moderate: wait 48-72hrs and if not responding to abx take out
severe: take out immediately
what to discuss in PID diagnosis
dont have sex during treatment
future contraception
contact tracing
vacuum aspiration for TOP when
<14 weeks
dilatation and evacuation fro TOP when
13-24 weeks
TCAs cause what incontinence
overflow
procyclidine is used for what antipsychotic side effect
acute dystonia
what medication for depression is associated with hypertension
SNRI
social phobia vs anxiety
social= fear of social situations, complain of embarassing themselves
anxiety= not limited to an enviroment, more general
haloperidol type of antipsychotic
atypical
what not to eat on an maoi
cheese
what type of therapy is this:
It will teach you how your thoughts, feelings, and behaviours influence
each other and that negative thoughts and feelings can trap you in a vicious cycle
CBT
what type of therapy is this:
It involves exploring the relationship between the therapist and client and allows you to understand how the past influences current behaviour
psycodynamic psycotherapy
what type of therapy is this:
It teaches you how to accept who you are and how to deal with difficult emotions by recognising them and challenging them
DBT
what type of therapy is this:
It teaches you how to think about thinking and examine your own thoughts and beliefs and assess whether they are useful or realistic
mentalisation
what happens to amylase levels in anorexia nervosa
increased
(parotids high, they produce amylase)
should you prescribe benzos for insomnia
if someone presents with daytime impairment then yes prescribe them some (short course)
1st line for ADHD
refer to parent training programme
(watchful waiting is only consider!)
ADHD criteria
- meets icd10 or dsm 5 criteria
- present in more than one environment
- causes impairment in the childs social, educational, psychological function
lithium monitoring
levels weekly until therapeutic level achieved
then 3 monthly
FBC, UEs and TFTs 6 monthly
lithium toxicity level
> 1.5
for who are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors contraindicated
heart problems
what are the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
donepazil
rivastigmine
galantamine
what is memantine
an NMDA receptor antagonist
its used 1st line in severe dementia
how do acetylcholinesterase inhibtiors help in dementia
symptomatic
they do not slow the progess of the diease
what might be cause of recurrent intussusception
meckels diverticulum
when reassessing a child after 5 rescue breath what does no signs of life look like
irregular/no breathing
pulse <60bpm or no pulse
when is the first bought of breast development in a child
4-6 months
if they have it before then review them at 4-6
talipes equinovarus is
clubfoot
vertical talus is
rockerbottom feet
clubfoot mx
ponsetti method
eczema creams mild to potent
mild= hydrocortisone 1%
moderate= betamethasone valerate 0.025% or clobetasol butyrate 0.05%
strong= betamethasone valerate 1%
cyanosis when feeding that is relieved when crying is
chonal atresia
double bubble is a sign of
DUODENAL atresia
what type of vomiting does duodenal atresia cause
bilious
duodenal atresia mx
duodenostomy
GBS abx in pregnancy rules
if colonised on swab abx only needed intrapartum (presence is not harmful)
if GBS UTI abx needed immediately and intrapartum
antenatal steroid type dose route timing
12mg IM betamethsone 2 doses 24 hrs apart
endometrial cancer stage 2 vs 3
2= extends to cervix only
3= extends to ovary/vagina/lymph nodes etc
when is aciclovir given to pregnant women with genital herpes
if they get it before 28 weeks then give from 36 weeks onwards
if they get it after 28 weeks then give during the infection and then continually prophylactically
which part of abortion act is for <24 weeks GA
c and d
which part of abortion act is for existing kids
d
which part of abortion act is for risk to pregnanct womans life
a
which part of abortion act is for risk of grave perm injury to pregnanct woman
b
red v amber flags
presence of red= ambulance transfer
presence of amber = see face to face/hospital, do not manage at home
