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Biology: 14 - Cell Division > Past Exam Questions > Flashcards

Past Exam Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of microscope is used in school laboratories to observe cells during mitosis?

A

Light microscope

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2
Q

Give two observable events of prophase

A
  1. Chromatin starts to contract
  2. Chromosomes become visible as double-stranded structures held together by a centromere
  3. The nucleolus disappears
  4. Spindle fibres appear in the cytoplasm
  5. Nuclear membrane starts to break down
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3
Q

Describe how an animal cell divides in two

A

A cleavage furrow appears around the cell and lines up with the position occupied by the equator during metaphase
The cleavage furrow becomes deeper until it eventually divides the cytoplasm and splits the cell

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4
Q

Describe how a plant cell divides in two

A

A small number of membrane-enclosed sacs called vesicles form and gather in the area between the two nuclei
The vesicles form a cell plate
The cell plate enlarges and its membranes join with the cell membrane of the original cell
The cell plate then forms two cell walls, one for each of the daughter cells

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5
Q

Define mitosis

A

A form of nuclear division in which one nucleus divides to form two nuclei

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6
Q

State two ways in which mitosis differs from meiosis

A

Mitosis produces two new cells while meiosis produces four new cells
Mitosis produces identical cells while there is variation between the cells produced during meiosis

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7
Q

Explain the term cancer

A

A group of disorders in which certain cells lose their ability to control both the rate of mitosis and the number of times mitosis takes place

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8
Q

Explain the term diploid

A

A cell which has two sets of chromosomes i.e. it has two of each type of chromosome in the nucleus

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9
Q

What is the function of mitosis in unicellular organisms?

A

Asexual reproduction

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10
Q

What is the function of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

A

Growth and repair of cells

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11
Q

What term is used to describe the long stage of the cell cycle when cell division is not occurring?

A

Interphase

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12
Q

Name two types of molecule that are produced in the cell during interphase?

A

Nucleic acid e.g. DNA

Protein

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13
Q

Name one organelle that is replicated during interphase

A

Chloroplast

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14
Q

Give any two changes which have occurred in the cell by the end of interphase

A

Chromosomes are duplicated

Spindle fibres are formed

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15
Q

Suggest why mature human red blood cells do not undergo cell division

A

They do not have a nucleus

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16
Q

True or false.

Meiosis is an important source of variation

A

True

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17
Q

True or false

Mitosis occurs in mature red blood cells in humans

A

False

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18
Q

True or False

During mitosis the nuclear membrane temporarily disappears

A

True

19
Q

True or False

Meiosis gives rise to the haploid condition

A

True

20
Q

True or False

In multicellular organisms mitosis functions primarily in growth

A

True

21
Q

True or False

In plants, a cell plate forms during telophase of mitosis

A

True

22
Q

True or False

The human zygote divides by meiosis

A

False

23
Q

True or False

Single-celled organisms use meiosis for asexual reproduction

A

False

24
Q

True or False

In telophase of mitosis, a cleavage furrow forms in plant cells

A

False

25
Q

True or False

When a cell is not dividing it is said to be in prophase

A

False

26
Q

True or False

The nuclear membrane disappears in the early part of mitosis

A

True

27
Q

True or False

Centromeres give rise to the nuclear spindle

A

False

28
Q

True or False

Mitosis is a source of variation

A

False

29
Q

True or False

In multicellular organisms mitosis is primarily used for growth

A

True

30
Q

What name is applied to the period of the cell cycle in which division is not taking place?

A

Interphase

31
Q

Give a cellular process that occurs during interphase

A

Photosynthesis or respiration

32
Q

What term is used for the group of disorders in which control has been lost over the rate of mitosis?

A

Cancer

33
Q

Suggest a possible cause of cancer

A

Exposure to carcinogens such as Ultraviolet Rays or cigarette smoke

34
Q

Name the stage of mitosis in which the chromosomes are located at the equator of the cell and before they begin to separate

A

Metaphase

35
Q

To what are the chromosomes attached to during metaphase?

A

Spindle fibres

36
Q

Towards the end of mitosis, in what type of cell does a cell plate form?

A

Plant cells

37
Q

What are the observable features of anaphase?

A
  1. The spindle fibres contract causing the centromeres to split
  2. One strand/chromosome from each double-stranded chromosome is pulled to opposite poles of the cell.
38
Q

Give one location where mitosis occurs in flowering plants

A

Root or shoot tips where growth is needed

39
Q

Give the names of the two processes involving DNA which take place during interphase

A

Uncoiling
Transcription
Duplication

40
Q

List the four stages of mitosis

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

41
Q

In which stage of mitosis would you expect to see the spindle fibres contracting?

A

Anaphase

42
Q

Give a role of chromosomes

A

Carry genes which are the units of inheritance and carry the code for the formation of proteins

43
Q

Give one function of meiosis

A

To produce gametes i.e. egg and sperm

Biology: 14 - Cell Division (13 decks)

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