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State veterinary medicine - lectures > Past 2 > Flashcards

Past 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Preventative measures in case of Duck Viral Enteritis (MT)

A

• no free keeping on natural water during the 2 weeks before egg-laying
period
• infected natural water: no susceptible birds for 2 years except vaccinated
broiler ducks
• breeding and broiler flocks shall not be kept together

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2
Q

Official measures in case of Duck Viral Enteritis of the hatched birds

A

• birds showing clinical signs are killed
• birds not showing clinical signs
• immediate slaughter: heat treated meat products or vaccination (recovered flock)
• 30 days observation, no breeding, movement restriction until slaughter
• 28 days observation, hatching eggs are disinfected, separate hatching,
separate fattening

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3
Q

Official measures in case of suspected presence of Classical Swine Fever on a holding

A

• official supervision
• movement to and from the holding is prohibited or subject to authorization
• access ways to the holding and means of transport leaving it must be
disinfected

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4
Q

Specific Criteria of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP)

A
  • no clinical or pathological evidence of CBPP (for the declaration of provisional freedom: at least for 3 years or 1 year if no vaccination)
  • effective veterinary service
  • effective meat inspection
  • all evidence suggestive of CBPP is investigated by laboratory methods,
  • diagnostic procedures capable of differentiating Mycoplasma infections
  • effective reporting system
  • effective system to prevent the introduction of infection
  • if vaccination has been used, all vaccination against CBPP has ceased by the date of declaration of provisional freedom
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5
Q

Reaching free status in CBPP

A
  • provisional freedom from disease
    • 2 years
  • freedom from the disease
    • 2 years
  • freedom from infection
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6
Q

Country free from CBPP infection without intermediate steps

A

• continuously free from CBPP from at least 10 years
• no vaccination for at least 10 years
• no clinical or pathological evidence for at least 10 years
• adequate disease surveillance and reporting system
• use of diagnostic procedures capable of differentiating Mycoplasma
infections

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7
Q

Re-establishing CBPP infection free status

A

• 2 years from the date of the last case
• demonstration that the outbreak did not represent endemic infection and that
the disease has been eradicated by the actions taken

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8
Q

Case of Bluetongue

A
  • it presents clinical signs consistent with the presence of bluetongue
  • it is an animal from which the bluetongue virus has been isolated and identified
  • it is an animal which has tested positive to bluetongue serological tests or from which viral antigen or RNA specific to bluetongue has been identified
  • it is a sentinel animal that has showed negative serological results in a previous test and has seroconverted from negative to positive for antibodies to at least one bluetongue serotype since that test
  • a set of epidemiological data must indicate that the infection are the consequence of virus circulation and not the result of introduction of vaccination or seropositive animals
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9
Q

Suspected presence of Bluetongue

A

• place the holding under official surveillance
• compile an inventory of the animals and update when animals are born or
they die
• compile a list of places that could facilitate the survival or harbour the vector
or sites where its reproduction
• epidemiological investigation
• regular visits to the holdings with detailed clinical examinations or autopsy
if necessary
22
• no movement of animals in or out of the holding
• animals are confined when vectors are active
• treat animals, buildings and their surroundings with insecticides
• the carcasses of dead animals are destroyed, eliminated, incinerated or
buried

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10
Q

Officially confirmed presence of Bluetongue

A
  • precede with slaughter if deemed necessary to present extension of the epidemic
  • order the destruction, elimination, incineration or burial of the carcasses
  • extend measures of official surveillance and movement restrictions to holding located within a radius of 20 km around the infected holdings
  • implement vaccination programs if necessary
  • epidemiological survey
  • protection zone with a radius of 100 km
  • surveillance zone with a radius of 50 km
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11
Q

Movement restrictions in case of American Foul Brood

A
  • marking of bee colonies
  • prohibition: antibiotic treatment and any intervention transmitting the disease
  • laboratory examination from the colonies suspected of being diseased
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12
Q

Official measures is case of American Foul Brood

A
  • killing of bee colonies
  • killed bee colonies are burned and buried (+ products, comb, brood)
  • burning and burial of all combustible material from the hive
  • strict disinfection
  • suspected of being contaminated: processing of products
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13
Q

Lifting restrictions in case of American Foul Brood

A
  • no colonies and strict disinfection
  • 60 day observation period (non-brooding period)
  • strict disinfection
  • if only suspected of being diseased and the laboratory ruled out: without disinfection
  • if only colonies suspected of being contaminated: without disinfection after observation
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14
Q

Official measures in case of European Foul Brood

A
  • obligatory treatment of all colonies in the protection zone
  • checks every 2 weeks
  • if denied: killing without state compensation
  • weak bee colony: killing
  • if + American foul brood: prohibition of treatment, killing the diseased colonies
  • strict disinfection
  • suspected of being contaminated: processing of products
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15
Q

Lifting restrictions in case of European Foul Brood

A

• no colonies and strict disinfection
• 15 days observation and strict disinfection
• if only colonies suspected of being diseased and the laboratory rules out: without disinfection
• if only colonies suspected of being contaminated: without disinfection after
observation

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16
Q

Movement restrictions in case of Acariosis

A
  • marking of bee colonies
  • prohibition: any intervention transmitting the disease
  • laboratory examination from the colonies suspected of being diseased
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17
Q

Official measures in case of Acariosis

A
  • obligatory treatment of all colonies in the protection zone
  • if denied: killing without compensation
  • honey and products: only after heat treatment
  • disinfection (hive and equipment)
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18
Q

Lifting restrictions in case of Acariosis

A

• obligatory treatment + 1 year observation + checks

19
Q

Low pathogenic avian influenza

A

an infection of poultry or other captive birds caused by avian influenza virus subtypes H5 or H7 that do not come within the definition of HPAI

20
Q

Highly pathogenic avian influenza

A

an infection of poultry or other captive birds caused by

o avian influenza viruses of the subtype H5 or H7 with genome sequences coding for multiple basic amino acids at the cleavage site of hemagglutinin molecule, indicating that the hemagglutinin molecule can be cleaved by a host ubiquitous protease or

‘o avian influenza viruses with a intravenous pathogenicity index in 6 week old chickens greater than 1.2

21
Q

Measures to be applied on holding where outbreaks of Avian Influenza outbreaks are suspected

A

• count or estimate number of birds and mammals
• list of birds and mammals that are sick, dead or likely to be infected on the holding and updated to reflect births and deaths
• keep birds inside and limit their contact with wild birds
• no movement of poultry in or out of the holding
• no carcasses, meat or any material likely to transmit avian influenza may
leave the holding without authorization
• no eggs may leave the holding
• control movement of people, mammals, vehicles and equipment to and from the holding
• disinfection at entrances and exits of buildings housing poultry
• stamping out may be applied
• temporary control zones may be established

22
Q

Definition of a long journey

A

a journey that exceeds 8 hours starting from when the first animal of the consignment is moved

23
Q

Protection of animals during transport

A

the regulation shall not apply to transport which does not take place in connection with an economic activity or directly to or from veterinary clinics

24
Q

Transport documentation

A
  • their origin and their ownership
  • their place of departure
  • the date and time of departure
  • their intended place of destination
  • the expected duration of the intended journey
25
Q

Journey Log

A

for long journeys between Member States and within third countries for domestic equidae other than registered equidae, and domestic bovine, ovine, caprine and porcine species

26
Q

Cannot be transported

A

• pigs less than 3 weeks, lambs less than 1 week and calves less than 10 days
unless they are transported less than 100 km
• dogs and cats of less than 8 weeks unless they are accompanied by their
mother
• cervine animals in velvet

27
Q

Journey Periods

A
  • journey time shall not exceed 8 hours unless additional requirements are met
  • unweaned animals, after 9 hours of travel, must be given at least 1 hour rest, after which they can travel for an additional 9 hours
  • pigs may be transported for maximum 24 hours and must have continuous access to water
  • carnivores and equidae may be transported for max. 24 hours, must be given water and feed every 8 hours
  • other animals may be transported for 14 hours, must be given a rest period of 1 hour for feeding and water, they can then be transported for a further 14 hours
28
Q

Additional requirements for long journeys

A
  • means of transport should have a light coloured roof
  • bedding must be provided
  • the means of transport must carry sufficient quantity of feedstuff
  • if needed, feeding equipment shall be transported
  • partitions to separate the animals
29
Q

3 R

A
  • replacement of animals with non-animal techniques
  • reduce the number of animals
  • refinement of experimental methods
30
Q

5 F

A
  • freedom from hunger and thirst
  • freedom from discomfort
  • freedom from pain, injury and disease
  • freedom to express normal behaviour
  • freedom from fear and distress
31
Q

Stunning methods

A 
• authorized methods
- captive bolt
- concussion
- electronarcosis
- exposure to carbon dioxide
• exception is in ritual slaughter
32
Q

Stamping out policy

A

• carried out under the authority of the Veterinary Administration
• upon confirmation of a disease
• killing the animals which are affected and those suspected of being affected and where appropriate this in others herds which may have been exposed to the infection either directly or indirectly
• all susceptible animals, vaccinated or unvaccinated, on an infected premises
should be killed and the carcasses destroyed
• cleanings and disinfection of the holding

33
Q

Disinfection methods

A
  • cleaning
  • disinfection
  • disinsectisation
34
Q

Organization active in animal welfare

A
  • Council of Europe
  • World Organization for Animal Health (OIE)
  • World Trade Organization
  • European Union
35
Q

Council of Europe Objective

A

• protect human rights, pluralist democracy and rule of law
• promote awareness and encourage the development of Europe’s cultural
identity and diversity
• to find common solutions to the challenges facing European society
• to consolidate democratic stability in Europe by backing political, legislative
and constitutional reform

36
Q

Objectives of the OIE

A
  • to inform Governments about the occurrence and course of diseases of animals through the world and way of controlling these diseases
  • to provide co-ordination at an international level for studies devotes to the surveillance and control of animal diseases
  • examine regulation for trade in animals and their products
  • give priority to the welfare of animals used in agriculture and aquaculture and to identify animal welfare research needs
37
Q

Aim of the GATT Agreements

A
  • main aim is to reduce to a minimum the negative effects of health barriers on international trade
  • the international animal health measures which conform to international standards, guidelines and recommendations will be deemed necessary for the protection of human and animal life and health and considered to be in accordance with the SPS Agreement (standards, guidelines and recommendations developed under the auspices of the OIE)
38
Q

Duties (responsibilities) of Chief Veterinary Officers

A
  • preparation of veterinary legislation and transposition of EU directives into national law,
  • supervision and coordination of the activities of the veterinary services at regional and district levels,
  • decision-making in emergency situations,
  • the coordination and cooperation with the network of diagnostic laboratories, according to contingency plans,
  • negotiations with the Third Countries and national representative to various international organisations, e.g. OIE, FAO and WHO.
39
Q

Duties (responsibilities) of Food and Veterinary Office

A

• promote effective control systems in the food safety and quality, veterinary and plant health sectors;
• check on compliance with the requirements of EU food safety and quality, veterinary and plant health legislation within the European Union and in third countries exporting to the EU;
• contribute to the development of EU policy in the food safety and quality,
veterinary and plant health sectors

40
Q

Food and Agricultural Organization Programs

A
  • developing the global strategy for the management of farm animal genetic resources
  • technologies and systems for efficient natural resource use in livestock production
  • advice to Member Counters and support to the field program
  • European Commission for the control of foot and mouth disease
41
Q

Specialist Commissions of the OIE

A

• Terrestrial Animal Health Standards Commission (“Code Commission”)
• Scientific Commission for Animal Diseases (“Scientific Commission”)
• Biological Standards Commission (“Laboratories Commission”)
• Aquatic Animal Health Standards Commission (“Aquatic Animal
Commission”)

42
Q

The duties of LAEC

A

• Preparation of the animal experimentation regulation
• Control of observance of the animal experimentation regulation
• Professional-ethical supervision of the animal experimentation
• Organisation of education and training of those authorised to carry out animal
experiments
• In case of any violation of the animals during the experiments, the LAEC can
terminated the experiment with the notification of the animal welfare authority

43
Q

Category 1

A

• all body parts, including hides and skins, of the following animals
o animals suspected of being infected by a TSE or in which the
presence of a TSE has been officially confirmed
o animals killed in the context of TSE eradication measures
o animal other than farmed animals and wild animals
o experimental animals
o wild animals, when suspected of being infected with diseases
communicable to humans or animals

• specified risk material
• animal by-products derived from animals which have been submitted to illegal treatment
• animal by-products containing residues of other substances and environmental contaminants, if such residues exceed the permitted level
• all animal material collected when treating waste water from Category 1 processing plants and other premises in which SRM is removed
• catering water from means of transport operating internationally
• mixtures of Category 1 material with either Category 2 or Category 3 material or
both

44
Q

Category 2

A
  • manure, non-mineralized guano and digestive tract content
  • all animal material collected when treating waste water from slaughterhouses, excluding those listed in Category 1 material, or from Category 2 processing plants
  • products of animal origin containing residues of veterinary drugs and contaminants, if levels exceed the permitted levels
  • products of animal origin which have been declared unfit for human consumption due to the presence of foreign bodies
  • imported or introduced from a third country and fail to comply with Community veterinary legislation
  • dispatched to another Member State and fail to comply with requirements laid down
  • animal and their parts, other than those listed as category 1, that die other than by being slaughtered for human consumption, including animals killed to eradicate an epizootic disease
  • fetuses
  • oocytes, embryos and semen which are not destined for breeding purposes
  • dead in shell poultry
  • mixtures of Category 2 material and Category 3 material
  • animal by-products other than Category 1 material or Category 3 material

State veterinary medicine - lectures (7 decks)

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