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State veterinary medicine - lectures > PAST > Flashcards

PAST Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of avian influenza

A

• an infection of poultry or other captive birds caused by any influenza A virus
o of the subtypes H5 or H7 or
o with an intravenous pathogenicity index in six-week old chickens greater than 1.2
• can be highly pathogenic- or low pathogenic avian influenza

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2
Q

Official measures in case of confirmation of African Swine Fever on holdings where the occurrence of disease has been linked to vectors

A

• restocking shall not take place for at least 6 years unless
o specific operations to eliminate the vector from the premises and
places where the pigs are kept or areas that pigs have access to
o it has been possible to show that the vectors no longer represent a
significant risk to transmit the disease

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3
Q

Official measures in infected areas following the eradication of anthrax:

A

• pasture or other area where anthrax was confirmed or which was the origin of infection (e.g. water, feedstuff source)
• village, farm, holding where Anthrax was confirmed
• burying ground or pond
Measures:
• fence, no grazing, feedstuff production, only vaccinated animals
• Min 25 years!!

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4
Q

Lifting restriction in case of Anthrax

A
  • observation period: 20 days

* no surveillance in the village

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5
Q

Public health measures in case of Anthrax *

A
  • notifications of the state medical service
  • informing the keeper, owner
  • personal disinfection
  • protective clothes, gloves and footwear
  • keeping the floor wet, prevent dust formation
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6
Q

Animals diseased with Brucellosis

A
  • typical clinical signs + typical pathological lesions or bacteriology
  • movement restrictions, castration or slaughter
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7
Q

Public Health Measures in case of Bo. Brucellosis * (and Bo TB)

A
  • informing the keeper, owner (especially if pregnant)
  • personal disinfection
  • protective clothing, gloves and footwear
  • control of products
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8
Q

Withdrawal of the free status in case of Bo. TB

A
  • isolation of M. bovis

* or on the basis of epidemiological and/or pathological investigation

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9
Q

Restoration of free status in case of Bo. TB

A
  • cleaning, disinfection
  • 2 tests
  • 1 min. 60 days and the other 4-12 months after removal of the reactor
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10
Q

BSE monitoring system (Which groups of animals shall be monitored) #

A

• all bovine animals over 24 months sent for emergency slaughter or with
observations at ante mortem inspection
• all bovine animals above 30 (48) months of age slaughtered normally of human consumption
• all bovine animals above 24 months of age which have died or been killed
on the farm, during transport or in a slaughter house (fallen stock)
• all ovine or caprine animals over 18 months of age or which have more than 2 permanent incisors erupted through the gum
• all ovine and caprine animals which are over 18 months of age or have more than 2 incisors erupted, which died or were killed not as past of an eradication campaign

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11
Q

Measures in case of BSE suspected animals

A
  • any animal suspected of being infected with a TSE is placed under official movement restriction until the results of clinical and epidemiological examinations are known or must be killed for lab exam
  • if BSE suspected at a holding in a Member State, all other bovine animals are also put under movement restrictions until results of lab exams
  • the same applies for ovine and caprine animals
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12
Q

Measures in case of BSE infections

A

• inquiry to identify the possible origin of the disease and all animals and their products which may be contaminated
• in case of confirmed BSE: killing and complete destruction of bovine
animals identified by the inquiry
• in ovine and caprine: killing and complete destruction of all animals,
embryos and ova identified
• only certain ovine and caprine animals of a known genotype may be
introduced onto a holding where destruction has taken place because of a TSE outbreak
• pending results of the inquiry the infected holding is placed under official control and movement restricted

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13
Q

Free status suspension in enzootic Bo. leucosis

A
  • the conditions are no fulfilled
  • results of lab tests
  • on clinical grounds
  • suspected animals are immediately slaughtered
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14
Q

IBR Eradication methods #

A
  • classical selection method
  • selection with the use of marker vaccines
  • generation shift
  • herd change
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15
Q

IBR Classical Selection Method

A
  • seronegatives
    • blood test in every 3-6 weeks
    • min 2 negative test with an interval of 21 days for all animals
    • elimination of positive animals
  • seropositives
    • vaccination with inactive vaccine 2X (3-5 week interval) and late in every half year
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16
Q

Diseased animals in case of Teschovirus Encephalitis

A

• typical clinical signs + histopathology or laboratory examination

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17
Q

Suspected of being diseased in case of Teschovirus Encephalitis

A

• non-typical clinical signs

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18
Q

Suspected of being contaminated in case of Teschovirus Encephalitis

A

• 40 days

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19
Q

Teschovirus Encephalitis on a small holding #

A
  • all diseased and suspected of being diseased pigs are killed on the spot
  • suspected of being contaminated: separate slaughter, heat treatment
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20
Q

Teschovirus Encephalitis on a large scale holding

A
  • all diseased and suspected of being diseased pigs are killed on the spot
  • suspected of being contaminated
  • observation for 40 days
  • if slaughtered, heat treatment
21
Q

Lifting restrictions in case of Teschovirus Encephalitis

A
  • strict disinfection (repeated 14 days)
  • observation period: 40 days
  • protection zone: 40 days
22
Q

Slaughtered technique in case of Teschovirus Encephalitis

A
  • removal of the intestinal tract
  • intact nervous system (special paravertebral cut of the carcass)
  • heat treatment: 70 C for 20 min
23
Q

Confirmation of Swine Vesicular Disease * #

A
  • virus isolation from the pigs or from the environment
  • seropositive pigs + characteristic legions
  • clinical signs + direct epidemiological connection with a confirmed outbreak
24
Q

Confirmation of Swine Vesicular Disease in a slaughterhouse

A
  • all pigs in the slaughterhouse are slaughtered without delay
  • the carcasses and offal of infected and contaminated pigs are destroyed
  • cleaning and disinfection
  • epidemiological inquiry
  • no pigs are re-introduced for slaughter until at least 24 hours after completion of the cleaning and disinfection operations
25
Q

Restocking of Infected holding in case of Swine Vesicular Disease

A 
• four weeks after completion of the first full disinfection of the premises
• outdoor pig holdings
   • negative sentinel piglets: 
   examined clinically and 
   sampled for serological 
   testing after 28 days
   • full restocking
• other forms of rearing
   • within a period of 8 days
   • seronegative pigs
   • no pig may leave the 
   holding for a period a 60 days 
   after the arrival of the
   last pigs
   • clinical and serological 
   examination: 28 days after 
   the arrival of the last pigs
26
Q

Animal diseased (or suspected) with Scabies

A
  • typical clinical signs

* non-typical clinical signs and laboratory confirmation

27
Q

Animal suspected of being contaminated with Scabies

A

• direct or indirect contact diseased or suspected of being diseased animals
within 42 days
• no yearly treatment carried out in sheep
• sheep introduced into the herd without isolation

28
Q

Protection zone in case of African Horse Sickness

A
  • minimum 12 months
  • a min. radius of 100 km
  • taking into account epidemiological, geographical, climate conditions
  • inform the public about the restrictions
  • disinsectisation
  • visit of all holding keeping equidae and take samples
  • movement of horses: only for emergency slaughter
29
Q

Surveillance zone in case of African Horse Sickness

A
  • minimum 12 months
  • a min. radius of +50 km
  • taking into account epidemiological, geographical, climate conditions • inform the public about the restrictions
  • disinsectisation
  • visit holdings keeping equidae and take samples
  • movement of horses only for emergency slaughter
  • vaccination is prohibited
30
Q

Myxomatosis
• Diseased animal

  • Suspected of being diseased
  • Suspected of being infected
  • Infected flocks
A
  • Diseased animal - typical clinical signs
  • Suspected of being diseased - non-typical clinical signs
  • Suspected of being infected - possible contamination with infected or suspected of being infected animals within 30 days before confirmation
  • Infected flocks - diseased or suspected of being diseased animals
31
Q

Measures in case of Myxomatosis

A
  • diseased and suspected of being diseased: killing, disposal of meat and skin
  • suspected of being diseased animals may be vaccinated
  • suspected of being infected: may be slaughtered
32
Q

Transport to a slaughterhouse in case of Myxomatosis

A
  • from a holding which is not under restriction: vaccinated healthy rabbits 15 days after vaccination
  • holding which is under restriction: killing of diseased animals, vaccinated healthy rabbits 15 days after vaccination
33
Q

Lifting restrictions in case of Myxomatosis

A

killing, death, recovery of the last diseased rabbit: 30 days and strict disinfection

34
Q

Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease

A
  • diseased animal/flock - typical clinical signs/lesions and laboratory confirmation
  • suspected of being diseased - non-typical clinical signs/lesions
  • infected flock - infected rabbit or equipment/material within 60 days
  • suspected of being infected - possible contamination with infected flocks within 60 days
  • endangered flocks - flocks of neighbouring villages defined by the veterinary authority
35
Q

Protection zone

A
  • a minimum radius of 3 km
  • stand-still measures and controlled movements of poultry for at least 21 days
  • before lifting the measures: sampling of the poultry holdings
36
Q

Surveillance zone

A
  • a minimum radius of 10
  • stand-still measures and controlled movements of poultry for at least 30 days
  • before lifting the measures: sampling of the poultry holdings
37
Q

Animals diseased with Glanders

A
  • typical clinical signs
  • non-typical clinical signs but immunodiagnostic test +
  • no clinical signs but repeated immunodiagnostic test +
38
Q

Animals suspected of being diseased with Glanders

A

• non-typical clinical signs but immunodiagnostic test is inconclusive

39
Q

Animals suspected of being contaminated with Glanders

A
  • direct of indirect contact within diseased or suspected of being diseased equidae within 180 days
  • no clinical signs but repeated immunodiagnostic test is inconclusive
40
Q

Official Measures in case of Glanders

A
  • isolation, movement restrictions
  • official supervision
  • diagnostic tests: ophthalmic test or serology on diseased or suspected of being diseased
  • samples: respiratory tract + pharynx (or whole carcass)
  • diseased animals are killed, slaughter is prohibited
  • suspected of being diseased animals: slaughter is prohibited
  • suspected of being contaminated animals: may be slaughtered in the presence of official vet if the ophthalmic test is negative within 14 days
  • disposal of carcasses
  • strict disinfection
41
Q

Lifting restrictions in case of Glanders

A
  • no equidae
  • strict disinfection
  • immunodiagnostic tests to exclude the infection
42
Q

Measures in case of suspicion of an outbreak of FMD

A
  • official investigation: sampling and laboratory testing
  • official surveillance: census of all animals
  • isolation
  • all products of animal origin are recorded
  • epidemiological inquiry
  • movement of animals and products banned
  • movement restrictions of people
  • temporary control zone may be established for up to 72 hours
  • preventative eradication programs may be implemented, including slaughter of animals suspected of being infected
43
Q

Measures in case of confirmation of an outbreak of FMD

A
  • all animals of susceptible species on the holding are killed on the spot
  • other animals present may be killed
  • samples and epidemiological inquiry
  • carcasses are processed without delay
  • all products of animal origin present on the holding since the presumed date of introduction of the disease are treated
  • building and vehicles used are cleaned and disinfected under official supervision
  • restocking of the holding may begin 21 days after cleaning at the earliest
44
Q

Exotic fish diseases

A
  • epizootic hematopoietic necrosis

* epizootic ulcerative syndrome

45
Q

Non-exotic fish diseases

A
  • viral hemorrhagic septicemia
  • infectious hematopoietic necrosis
  • Koi herpes virus disease
  • infectious salmon anemia
46
Q

Minimum control measures in exotic fish diseases

A

• the farming area is officially declared infected
• total eradication, empty farms
• a containment area is established, including a protection zone and a
surveillance zone
• no restocking takes place and movement restrictions in, out or within the containment zone without authorization
• stamping out like procedures

47
Q

Minimum control measures in non-exotic fish diseases

A
  • apply measures provided for the control of exotic diseases in order to regain free status
  • draw up an eradication plan
48
Q

Requirements for Disease free status is aquatic diseases

A

• on historical grounds
- no occurrence of the disease for 10 years
- basic biosecurity measures have been in place continuously for 10 years
- infection is not known to occur in the wild population
- trade and import conditions prevent introduction
• based on targeted surveillance
- disease have been detected in the last 10 years but the Member State meets basic control data and the disease has not been detected in the last 2 years with regular testing

State veterinary medicine - lectures (7 decks)

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