1-20 Flashcards
OIE: Objectives
Occur. and cause of disease
Coordination/surveillance and control of disease
Examine regulation of trade
Welfare of animals
Transparency, scientific info, international solidarity, sanitary safety, vet service, food safety
OIE: Special commisions
Code, science, lab and aquatic animals comission
OIE: List A and B
List A: Rapid spread across borders –> Stamp out
List B: Less rapid spread, danger of near borders –> eradication program
OIE: How OIE works
Disease in a country -> Notify OIE -> analyses and informs rest of the countries to prevent spread
OIE: GATT agreement
- January 1995
The aim is to reduce to a minimum the negative effects of health barriers on international trade
WHO: Basics
7th of April 1948, 194 (35 members?) countries. Meet every year in Geneva. new director every 5 years
WHO: Role
Produce health guidelines and standards for public issues.
Informs, researches, educates and support the health trends
WHO: Divisions
1) Infectious diseases (including vet public health)
2) Non-infectious diseases
3) Environment protection
WHO: Vet public health section
Zoonoses, control
Mediterranean zoonoses
Food hygiene and control
Comparative medicine
FAO-WHO: Role
o Achieving food security for all – to make sure people
have regular access to enough high-quality food to lead active, healthy lives o Putting info within reach
o Sharing policy expertise
o Providing a meeting place for nations
o Bringing knowledge to the field
FAO-WHO: Funding
Funded by voluntary contributions and member countries
Emergency prevention system
Strategies for intervention and improved management
Food chain crisis management framework
Approach to threats affecting the food chain
Crisis management centre of animal health
Prevention of spread of animal diseases
Council of Europe: Roles
o To protect human rights, pluralist democracy & the rule of law
o To promote awareness & encourage the development of Europe’s cultural identity & diversity (animal welfare!)
o To find common solutions to the challenges facing European society
o To consolidate democratic stability in Europe by backing political, legislative & constitutional reform
Council of Europe: Ministers
The committee of ministers decides council of Europe policy & approves its budget & programme of activities
Council of Europe: Parliamentary assembly
It is the deliberative body & the driving force of the council of Europe. The
assembly has initiated many international treaties, helping to create an Europe-wide system of legislation.
Council of Europe: European conventions
o the conventions of the council of Europe are not statutory acts of the organisation
o They owe their legal existence to the consent of those member states that sign & ratify them Organisation for economic cooperation & development (OECD)
Organisation for economic cooperation and development (OECD): General
34 countries
OECD these countries meet to exchange information and harmonize their policies in a wide range of areas.
OECD: Main aim
(OECD): achieving maximum possible economic growth; liberalization of world trade
o First years: elimination of the barriers in trade
o Committees e.g.: hygienic requirements of the international trade of farm animals and meat
WTO: Role
International body dealing with rules of trade between nations.
All major decisions are made by the membership as a whole, either by ministers (who meet every two years) or by officials (who meet regularly in Geneva).
WTO: GATT
An international agreement, a document setting out the rules for conducting international trade, and an international organization created later to support the agreement.
(Replaced by WTO)
WTO: Principles of trading
Without discrimination Freer Predictable More competitive More beneficial for less developed countries
EU: General
500 mill people, 27 countries
Switzerland, Norway, Iceland have european trade agreement, but not in the EU
24 countries uses Euro
Dingle market: freedome of choice
EU: 4 freedoms of movement
1) Goods - you can buy anything on the internet
2) Services
3) People
4) Capital
EU: Schengen
No customs, controls at external borders
Area of freedom, security and justice
Civil law cooperation
EU: How laws are made
Citizens, interest groups, experts: discuss, consult
↓
Commission: makes formal proposal
↓
Parliament and council of ministers: decide jointly
↓
National or local authorities: implement
↓
Commission and court of justice: monitor implementation
EU: Definition of Regulations, directives and recommendations and opinions
o Regulations: are directly applied without the need for national measures to implement
them;
o Directives: bind Member States as to the objectives to be achieved while leaving the national authorities the power to choose the form and the means to be used;
o Decisions: are binding in all their aspects upon those to whom they are addressed. A decision may be addressed to any or all Member States, to undertakings or to individuals
o Recommendations and opinions: are not binding
EU: Power of the European parliament
- Legislative power –> consultation procedure, cooperation procedure, co-decision (ordinary) procedure, Parliament’s assent
- Power over the budget
- Supervision of the executive
EU: Council of ministers
One for each eu country, rotates every 6m, decides budget and laws
Veterinary legislation of the EU: Development of the vet functions with the EU
- Common norms: control of disease, inspection of meat, for diagnostic methods and laboratory analyses
- Common standards: construction of slaughter houses and for the procedures of slaughter; trade in live animals and fresh meat
- Removal of all official check-points at the national borders between Member States
- Veterinary checks of live animals and animal products must be performed at the
place of origin before departure
Veterinary legislation of the EU: Future vet legislations in the EU
Horizontal regulations could be used to lay down general principles and procedures for each veterinary sector:
Veterinary legislation of the EU: Regulation of transmissible animal disease (Animal health law)
- Additional guarantees – right to require & check the norms
- Animal Health Visits
- Antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance
- Disease listing, prioritisation and categorisation
- Environment
- Animal ID, registration and traceability
- Movements of animals and products
Veterinary legislation of the EU: International cooperations
- SPS Agreement
- Members of the OIE
- Food and Agriculture Organisation
- World Health Organisation
- Council of Europe
Veterinary legislation of the EU: Coop with third countries
- All products imported from Third Countries must be in conformity with the EU criteria to ensure a high animal health level.
- Veterinary checks of live animals must be carried out at EU official control stations situated at the outer borders of the EU.
Veterinary legislation of the EU: Veterinary services of the EU
- Animal disease notification system
- Food and veterinary office
- Check compliance with the requirements in the EU
Veterinary legislation of the EU: The main areas of the EU veterinary legislation
o The single market
o Import from third countries
o Animal Health certificates: issued when animals being moved
o Reporting and recording of animal diseases
o Preventive and control measures for the contagious animal diseases o National eradication plans
o Animal welfare
o Animal breeding, zoo-sanitary rules
o Residuums Standards of diagnostic tests, vaccinations o Reference laboratories
o The Veterinary committees of the EU
o Financial measurements, monetary support
Veterinary legislation of the EU: Function of the national vet services
1) Head: Chief vet officer
- Preparation of veterinary legislation and transposition of EU directives into national law,
- Supervision of the activities of the veterinary services at regional and district levels
- Decision-making in emergency situations
- Negotiations with the Third Countries and national representative to various international organisations, e.g. OIE, FAO and WHO.
2) Duties of the regional & district veterinary office:
- animal health
- vet public health
- animal welfare
Veterinary legislation of the EU: Animal health section
- Veterinary controls concerning animal diseases + instant measures when notifiable diseases are found
- Issuing animal health cert.
++
Veterinary legislation of the EU: Vet public health section
Enforce veterinary surveillance and checks on products, and notification of consumer health hazards including zoonoses in the district - food with contamination/residues
Control, prevent and eliminate hazards as well as supervicing medicinal products in food
Veterinary legislation of the EU: Sanctions
- Official restrictions – if don’t comply, cannot cooperate
- Exclusion from state compensation
- Fine: animal health/animal welfare
- Infringement
- Criminal offence
Veterinary legislation of the EU: Violation of epidemic control regulations
Any person who infringes the rules of quarantine, other restriction or supervision ordered
for preventing the exportation and importation or dissemination of infectious animal diseases or pests which are harmful to vegetation, is guilty of a misdemeanour.
Definition:
- Receptive animal
- Infected animal
“Receptive animal” means any animal of a susceptible species which is not vaccinated or which is vaccinated but whose immunization is considered to be inadequate
Infected animal means any animal of a suspected species
Definition:
- Animal suspected of being infected
- Animal suspected of being contaminated
“Animal suspected of being infected” means any animal of a susceptible species showing clinical symptoms or post-mortem lesions
“Animal suspected of being contaminated” means any animal of a susceptible species which may have been directly or indirectly exposed to the causative agent
Notifiable diseases: General about removal
All susceptible animals, vaccinated or unvaccinated on an infected premise should be killed and the carcasses destroyed by burning or burial, or by any other method which will eliminate the spread of infection (On the farm for A-listed diseases)
Epizootiological inquiry deal with:
o The length of time before being notified or suspected;
o The possible origin of the disease on the holding
o The movement of persons; animals, carcasses, vehicles, equipment etc.
o The presence and distribution of disease vectors
Protection zone radius
Surveillance zone radius
3 km and 10 km
Protection zone measures:
- ID all animals, no movement outside of the zone (or at all)
- if prohibition goes beyond 30 days the authorities can move the animals to a different site within the zone (obs, has to be clean!)
- At the end the vet has to ensure that everything is done right and not before 21 days after infection can the animals be re-introduced
Surveillance zone measures:
Pretty much the same as protection zone, just a larger area
Vaccination:
- Only vaccinate if the disease has broken out (decided by the commission)
- Decision based on: conc. of animals, type of vax, distribution of vax, species and age of animals, areas and duration of vax campaign
- Use of hyper-immune serum inj is prohibited
- Contingency plan
Vaccination: Contingency plan
- Crisis centre
- Local disease control centre
- Easy contact
- Good test equipment
- Training programs
- Diagn. labs. must have facilities for PM examinations
- Emergency vaccines
- Legal power should be provided
Financial contribution:
- Member State shall get financial contribution from the Community for eradication of a disease
- Must be 50% of the cost incurred by the MS
- Vaccines: 100% of the cost of supply and 50% of the cost incurred in giving the vax
Notification: MS and Commission
- Each MS has to notify the Commission and other MS in 24 hours.
- MS has to notify the Commission every week in case of secondary outbreaks
Notification: Info needed
Primary outbreaks o Date of dispatch o Time of dispatch o Name of Member State o Name of disease o Type of virus, if appropriate o Date of confirmation o Geographical location of the holding o Number of susceptible animals on premises o Number of stock slaughtered o Number of carcasses destroyed
Secondary outbreaks o Date of dispatch o Time of dispatch o Name of Member State o For each disease notified: Name of disease, Number of outbreaks
