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State veterinary medicine - lectures > 1-20 > Flashcards

1-20 Flashcards

1
Q

OIE: Objectives

A

Occur. and cause of disease
Coordination/surveillance and control of disease
Examine regulation of trade
Welfare of animals

Transparency, scientific info, international solidarity, sanitary safety, vet service, food safety

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2
Q

OIE: Special commisions

A

Code, science, lab and aquatic animals comission

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3
Q

OIE: List A and B

A

List A: Rapid spread across borders –> Stamp out

List B: Less rapid spread, danger of near borders –> eradication program

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4
Q

OIE: How OIE works

A

Disease in a country -> Notify OIE -> analyses and informs rest of the countries to prevent spread

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5
Q

OIE: GATT agreement

A
  1. January 1995

The aim is to reduce to a minimum the negative effects of health barriers on international trade

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6
Q

WHO: Basics

A

7th of April 1948, 194 (35 members?) countries. Meet every year in Geneva. new director every 5 years

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7
Q

WHO: Role

A

Produce health guidelines and standards for public issues.

Informs, researches, educates and support the health trends

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8
Q

WHO: Divisions

A

1) Infectious diseases (including vet public health)
2) Non-infectious diseases
3) Environment protection

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9
Q

WHO: Vet public health section

A

Zoonoses, control
Mediterranean zoonoses
Food hygiene and control
Comparative medicine

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10
Q

FAO-WHO: Role

A

o Achieving food security for all – to make sure people
have regular access to enough high-quality food to lead active, healthy lives o Putting info within reach
o Sharing policy expertise
o Providing a meeting place for nations
o Bringing knowledge to the field

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11
Q

FAO-WHO: Funding

A

Funded by voluntary contributions and member countries

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12
Q

Emergency prevention system

A

Strategies for intervention and improved management

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13
Q

Food chain crisis management framework

A

Approach to threats affecting the food chain

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14
Q

Crisis management centre of animal health

A

Prevention of spread of animal diseases

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15
Q

Council of Europe: Roles

A

o To protect human rights, pluralist democracy & the rule of law
o To promote awareness & encourage the development of Europe’s cultural identity & diversity (animal welfare!)
o To find common solutions to the challenges facing European society
o To consolidate democratic stability in Europe by backing political, legislative & constitutional reform

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16
Q

Council of Europe: Ministers

A

The committee of ministers decides council of Europe policy & approves its budget & programme of activities

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17
Q

Council of Europe: Parliamentary assembly

A

It is the deliberative body & the driving force of the council of Europe. The
assembly has initiated many international treaties, helping to create an Europe-wide system of legislation.

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18
Q

Council of Europe: European conventions

A

o the conventions of the council of Europe are not statutory acts of the organisation
o They owe their legal existence to the consent of those member states that sign & ratify them Organisation for economic cooperation & development (OECD)

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19
Q

Organisation for economic cooperation and development (OECD): General

A

34 countries

OECD these countries meet to exchange information and harmonize their policies in a wide range of areas.

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20
Q

OECD: Main aim

A

(OECD): achieving maximum possible economic growth; liberalization of world trade

o First years: elimination of the barriers in trade
o Committees e.g.: hygienic requirements of the international trade of farm animals and meat

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21
Q

WTO: Role

A

International body dealing with rules of trade between nations.

All major decisions are made by the membership as a whole, either by ministers (who meet every two years) or by officials (who meet regularly in Geneva).

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22
Q

WTO: GATT

A

An international agreement, a document setting out the rules for conducting international trade, and an international organization created later to support the agreement.

(Replaced by WTO)

23
Q

WTO: Principles of trading

A 
Without discrimination
Freer
Predictable
More competitive
More beneficial for less developed countries
24
Q

EU: General

A

500 mill people, 27 countries

Switzerland, Norway, Iceland have european trade agreement, but not in the EU

24 countries uses Euro

Dingle market: freedome of choice

25
Q

EU: 4 freedoms of movement

A

1) Goods - you can buy anything on the internet
2) Services
3) People
4) Capital

26
Q

EU: Schengen

A

No customs, controls at external borders

Area of freedom, security and justice

Civil law cooperation

27
Q

EU: How laws are made

A

Citizens, interest groups, experts: discuss, consult
↓
Commission: makes formal proposal
↓
Parliament and council of ministers: decide jointly
↓
National or local authorities: implement
↓
Commission and court of justice: monitor implementation

28
Q

EU: Definition of Regulations, directives and recommendations and opinions

A

o Regulations: are directly applied without the need for national measures to implement
them;
o Directives: bind Member States as to the objectives to be achieved while leaving the national authorities the power to choose the form and the means to be used;
o Decisions: are binding in all their aspects upon those to whom they are addressed. A decision may be addressed to any or all Member States, to undertakings or to individuals
o Recommendations and opinions: are not binding

29
Q

EU: Power of the European parliament

A
  • Legislative power –> consultation procedure, cooperation procedure, co-decision (ordinary) procedure, Parliament’s assent
  • Power over the budget
  • Supervision of the executive
30
Q

EU: Council of ministers

A

One for each eu country, rotates every 6m, decides budget and laws

31
Q

Veterinary legislation of the EU: Development of the vet functions with the EU

A
  • Common norms: control of disease, inspection of meat, for diagnostic methods and laboratory analyses
  • Common standards: construction of slaughter houses and for the procedures of slaughter; trade in live animals and fresh meat
  • Removal of all official check-points at the national borders between Member States
  • Veterinary checks of live animals and animal products must be performed at the
    place of origin before departure
32
Q

Veterinary legislation of the EU: Future vet legislations in the EU

A

Horizontal regulations could be used to lay down general principles and procedures for each veterinary sector:

33
Q

Veterinary legislation of the EU: Regulation of transmissible animal disease (Animal health law)

A
  • Additional guarantees – right to require & check the norms
  • Animal Health Visits
  • Antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance
  • Disease listing, prioritisation and categorisation
  • Environment
  • Animal ID, registration and traceability
  • Movements of animals and products
34
Q

Veterinary legislation of the EU: International cooperations

A
  • SPS Agreement
  • Members of the OIE
  • Food and Agriculture Organisation
  • World Health Organisation
  • Council of Europe
35
Q

Veterinary legislation of the EU: Coop with third countries

A
  • All products imported from Third Countries must be in conformity with the EU criteria to ensure a high animal health level.
  • Veterinary checks of live animals must be carried out at EU official control stations situated at the outer borders of the EU.
36
Q

Veterinary legislation of the EU: Veterinary services of the EU

A
  • Animal disease notification system
  • Food and veterinary office
  • Check compliance with the requirements in the EU
37
Q

Veterinary legislation of the EU: The main areas of the EU veterinary legislation

A

o The single market
o Import from third countries
o Animal Health certificates: issued when animals being moved
o Reporting and recording of animal diseases
o Preventive and control measures for the contagious animal diseases o National eradication plans
o Animal welfare
o Animal breeding, zoo-sanitary rules
o Residuums Standards of diagnostic tests, vaccinations o Reference laboratories
o The Veterinary committees of the EU
o Financial measurements, monetary support

38
Q

Veterinary legislation of the EU: Function of the national vet services

A

1) Head: Chief vet officer
- Preparation of veterinary legislation and transposition of EU directives into national law,
- Supervision of the activities of the veterinary services at regional and district levels
- Decision-making in emergency situations
- Negotiations with the Third Countries and national representative to various international organisations, e.g. OIE, FAO and WHO.

2) Duties of the regional & district veterinary office:
- animal health
- vet public health
- animal welfare

39
Q

Veterinary legislation of the EU: Animal health section

A
  • Veterinary controls concerning animal diseases + instant measures when notifiable diseases are found
  • Issuing animal health cert.
    ++
40
Q

Veterinary legislation of the EU: Vet public health section

A

Enforce veterinary surveillance and checks on products, and notification of consumer health hazards including zoonoses in the district - food with contamination/residues

Control, prevent and eliminate hazards as well as supervicing medicinal products in food

41
Q

Veterinary legislation of the EU: Sanctions

A
  • Official restrictions – if don’t comply, cannot cooperate
  • Exclusion from state compensation
  • Fine: animal health/animal welfare
  • Infringement
  • Criminal offence
42
Q

Veterinary legislation of the EU: Violation of epidemic control regulations

A

Any person who infringes the rules of quarantine, other restriction or supervision ordered
for preventing the exportation and importation or dissemination of infectious animal diseases or pests which are harmful to vegetation, is guilty of a misdemeanour.

43
Q

Definition:

  • Receptive animal
  • Infected animal
A

“Receptive animal” means any animal of a susceptible species which is not vaccinated or which is vaccinated but whose immunization is considered to be inadequate

Infected animal means any animal of a suspected species

44
Q

Definition:

  • Animal suspected of being infected
  • Animal suspected of being contaminated
A

“Animal suspected of being infected” means any animal of a susceptible species showing clinical symptoms or post-mortem lesions

“Animal suspected of being contaminated” means any animal of a susceptible species which may have been directly or indirectly exposed to the causative agent

45
Q

Notifiable diseases: General about removal

A

All susceptible animals, vaccinated or unvaccinated on an infected premise should be killed and the carcasses destroyed by burning or burial, or by any other method which will eliminate the spread of infection (On the farm for A-listed diseases)

46
Q

Epizootiological inquiry deal with:

A

o The length of time before being notified or suspected;
o The possible origin of the disease on the holding
o The movement of persons; animals, carcasses, vehicles, equipment etc.
o The presence and distribution of disease vectors

47
Q

Protection zone radius

Surveillance zone radius

A

3 km and 10 km

48
Q

Protection zone measures:

A
  • ID all animals, no movement outside of the zone (or at all)
  • if prohibition goes beyond 30 days the authorities can move the animals to a different site within the zone (obs, has to be clean!)
  • At the end the vet has to ensure that everything is done right and not before 21 days after infection can the animals be re-introduced
49
Q

Surveillance zone measures:

A

Pretty much the same as protection zone, just a larger area

50
Q

Vaccination:

A
  • Only vaccinate if the disease has broken out (decided by the commission)
  • Decision based on: conc. of animals, type of vax, distribution of vax, species and age of animals, areas and duration of vax campaign
  • Use of hyper-immune serum inj is prohibited
  • Contingency plan
51
Q

Vaccination: Contingency plan

A
  • Crisis centre
  • Local disease control centre
  • Easy contact
  • Good test equipment
  • Training programs
  • Diagn. labs. must have facilities for PM examinations
  • Emergency vaccines
  • Legal power should be provided
52
Q

Financial contribution:

A
  • Member State shall get financial contribution from the Community for eradication of a disease
  • Must be 50% of the cost incurred by the MS
  • Vaccines: 100% of the cost of supply and 50% of the cost incurred in giving the vax
53
Q

Notification: MS and Commission

A
  • Each MS has to notify the Commission and other MS in 24 hours.
  • MS has to notify the Commission every week in case of secondary outbreaks
54
Q

Notification: Info needed

A 
Primary outbreaks
o Date of dispatch
o Time of dispatch
o Name of Member State
o Name of disease
o Type of virus, if appropriate
o Date of confirmation
o Geographical location of the holding
o Number of susceptible animals on premises 
o Number of stock slaughtered 
o Number of carcasses destroyed
Secondary outbreaks 
o Date of dispatch
o Time of dispatch
o Name of Member State
o For each disease notified: Name of disease, Number of outbreaks

State veterinary medicine - lectures (7 decks)

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