Passmedicine Flashcards
When does pyloric stenosis usually present?
1st-4th weeks post-natal; occasionally up to 4 months
What is the main presentation of pyloric stenosis?
Projectile vomiting
How is pyloric stenosis managed?
Ramstedt pyloromyotomy
Describe a typical case of intussusception.
Boy aged 6-18 months old, colicky abdominal pain, vomiting, blood in stool
What is the classical ultrasound finding in intussusception?
“Target” sign
How does pertussis present?
2/3 days of corzyal symptoms, sustained bouts of coughing, may also be vomiting
What are Koplik spots and what are they a feature of?
“Salt-grain” lesions on the oral/buccal mucosa. Feature of measles
Describe the rash associated with measles.
Starts behind the ear; initally maculopapular, becoming blotchy and confluent
What is the commonest cause of nephrotic syndrome in children?
Minimal change glomerulonephritis
What is acute epiglottitis usually caused by?
H. influenzae
What is the most common presentation of retinoblastoma in children?
Loss of red reflex in photos; strabismus
What is croup characterised by?
Stridor (oedema and secretions)
What causes the majority of cases of croup?
Parainfluenza viruses
What are the features of croup?
Barking cough worse at night
Stridor
Fever
Corzyal symptoms
What is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in children?
Rotavirus
What is first-line for constipation in children?
Movicol
What does scarlet fever usually follow?
Strep throat
Describe the rash seen in rubella.
Pink maculopapular rash initally on face, before spreading
When do children normally gain the ability to crawl?
8-10 months
What are the guidelines for paediatric asthma management?
- SABA as required
- Inhaled steroid
- Leukotriene antagonist or refer to paeds if <3 years old
- refer to paeds
What kind of hypersensitivity reaction is scabies?
Type 4
High grade fever
Conjunctival injection
Red, sore lips
Swollen red hands
“Strawberry” tongue
Kawasaki disease
When is MMR first given?
12-15 months
When is PCV given?
2 months
Abdominal mass + painless haematuria in a child under 5 years of age
? Wilm’s nephroblastoma
High grade fever + conjunctival injection + cervical lymphadenopathy + “strawberry tongue”
? Kawasaki disease
Treatment of Kawasaki disease? (2)
High dose aspirin + IV Ig
Commonest cause of nephrotic syndrome in children?
Minimal change disease
How is minimal change disease treated?
High dose steroids
Why is echocardiography an important investigation in Kawasaki disease?
Rule out coronary artery aneurysm
Management of nocturnal enuresis? (4)
Advice on fluid/diet/toilet behaviour
Reward charts
Enuresis alarm
Desmopressin
Nasal polyps in a young child should raise suspicion of…
Cystic fibrosis
What is the diagnostic test for cystic fibrosis?
Sweat test- muscarinic agonist (pilocarpine) is administered, Cl content of sweat is measured
