Childhood infections Flashcards
Koplik spots are pathognomonic of…
Measles
What do Koplik spots look like?
“Grains of salt” on the buccal mucosa
Describe the rash seen in measles?
Starts behind ear then whole body; discrete lesions become blotchy and confluent
Management of measles?
Supportive
Notifiable disease- inform public health
Contact prophylaxis in measles?
Unimmunized children should be given MMR within 72hrs of contact
Whata re the complications of measles?
a) neuro
b) GI
c) eyes
d) lungs
e) heart
a) encephalitis, febrile convulsions
b) diarrheoea, increased appendicitis risk, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
c) corneal ulceration, keratoconjunctivitis
d) pneumonia
e) myocarditis
Diagnostic investigation for measles?
IgM antibodies detectable within a few days of rash onset
PMHx Recurrent viral/fungal/parasitic infections + cardiac disease + cleft lip/palate
Di George syndrome
Presents with recurrent infections including abscesses and atypical infections
Chronic granulomatous disease
Fever + malaise + strawberry tongue + widespread pinhead rash which spares the face?
Scarlet fever
Scarlet fever is caused by reaction to…
Erythrogenic toxins released by Group A strep (usually strep pyogenes)
Management of scarlet fever? (2)
Oral penicillin/azithromycin
Notifiable illness
What are the potential complications of scarlet fever? (3)
Otitis media (commonest)
Rheumatic fever
Acute glomerulonephritis
Fever/malaise + parotitis (“earache”, “pain on eating”)
Mumps
Pink maculopapular rash initially on face before spreading + suboccipital and postauricular lymph nodes
Rubella
Sore throat and fever + vesicles in mouth, palms and soles
Hand foot and mouth disease
What is hand foot and mouth disease caused by?
Coxsackie virus
“Slapped-cheek” rash
Parvovirus B19/fifth disease/erythema infectiousum
Meningitis in children: organisms
a) neonatal
b) 1 month to 6 years
c) greater than 6
a) GBS, E-coli, listeria
b) neisseria, strep pneumoniae, haemophilus
c) neisseria, strep pneumoniae
Treatment of threadworms?
Anti-helminthic (e.g. mebendazole). Single dose for all members of household
30% of children who present with UTI have what abnormality of the urinary tract?
Vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR)
Investigation in suspected VUR? What are the positive findings?
Cysturethrogram
Dilated tortuous ureters
Dilated renal pelvis and calyces
Child aged 6-24 months presents with a high fever + pink maculopapular rash when the fever settles
Roseola infantum
What is roseola infantum caused by?
Human herpes virus 6
Complications of varicella? (4)
Encephalitis
Pneumonitis
DIC
Bacterial superinfection with staph
What is the commonest complication of roseola infantum?
Febrile convulsions
