Passive Transport & Surface to Volume Ratios Flashcards
Brownian Motion
The driving force for all forms of passive transports. It is random movement of molecules due to kinetic energy.
Diffusion
The movement of any substance from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.
Concentration Gradient
The difference between the highest and lowest concentration of a solute within a given medium.
Osmosis
The movement of water from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane.
Hypertonic Solution
A fluid that has a higher concentration of solutes than another.
Isotonic Solution
Two solutions that have equal concentrations of solutes
Hypotonic Solution
Fluid that has a lower concentration of solutes than another.
Active Transport
Any movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane that requires the expenditure of energy. (Needs energy to move)
Passive Transport
Any movement of molecules or ions across a cel membrane that does not require the expenditure of energy (Needs no energy to move)
Diffusion, the movement of molecules or ions from a regio of their ___ to a region of their __ take place spontaneously in liquid, meaning it takes place without the input of any ___.
high concentration, low concentration, energy
Surface to Volume Ratio
The rate things move across the cell membrane into the cell is the amount of surface area of the cell exposed to the environment in proportion to the volume of the cell.
What factors affect the rate of diffusion
Temperature, the molecular weight of the molecules being transported, and the concentration of the particles that are diffusing.
Dynamic Equilibrium
A system in a steady state since forward reaction and backward reaction occur at the same rate.
Dialysis
The separation of dissolved solids by means of a selectively permeable membrane.
Selectively Permeable
Refers to the membrane’s ability to allow certain materials in or out, but prevents others from crossing the membrane.
The driving force behind DIALYSIS is ___
Diffusion.
Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a ___ _____ _____
Selectively Permeable Membrane.
Plasmolysis
The shrinkage of the plant cell membrane from the cell wall.
Why does Plasmolysis occur?
Due to water loss when a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution.
When plasmolysis occurs what decreases?
The Turgor Pressure of the cell decreases.
Length x Width x Number of Sides =
Surface Area
Length x Width x Height =
Volume
SA / VOL
Surface to Volume Ratio
Absolute 0
0 degrees Kelvin
