Lab 5 (Cellular Respiration and Metabolic Rates)

Question 1

Ectotherm

Answer 1

An animal whose body does not produce much internal heat. (Cold-Blooded)

Question 2

Endotherm

Answer 2

An animal whose body regulates and controls its own body temperature by controlling the internal heat it produces. (Warm-Blooded)

Question 3

Cellular Respiration

Answer 3

The catabolic pathways of aerobic and anaerobic respiration, which break down organic molecules for the production of ATP.

Question 4

Fermentation

Answer 4

A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product (ex. ethyl alcohol & lactic acid)

Question 5

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 5

A catabolic pathway that consumes oxygen (O2) and organic molecules, producing ATP. This is the most efficient catabolic pathway and is carried out in most eukaryotic cells and many prokaryotic organisms.

Question 6

Oxidation

Answer 6

The loss of electrons form a substance involved in a redox reaction.

Question 7

NAD+

Answer 7

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme that can accept an electron and acts as an electron carrier in the electron transport chain.

Question 8

Glycolysis

Answer 8

The splitting of glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis occurs in almost all living cells, serving as the starting point for fermentation or cellular respiration.

Question 9

Kerbs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

Answer 9

A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules begun in glycolysis by oxidizing pyruvate to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion in eukaryotic cels and in the cytosol of prokaryotes; the second major stage in cellular respiration.

Question 10

Redox Reactions

Answer 10

(REDUCTION-OXIDATION)
-Molecules that lose electrons in redox reactions are said to have been oxidized.
-Molecules that gain electrons are said to have been reduced.
•LEO= Lose Electrons ≥ Oxidized
•GER= Gain Electrons ≥ Reduced

Question 11

Cellular Respiration Stages

Answer 11

1. Glycolysis
2. Preparatory Reaction
3. Kerbs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
4. Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Question 12

Location of 4 stages in Cellular Respiration.

Answer 12

1. Glycolysis
   •Occurs in the cytoplasm
2. Intermediate/Transition Step
   •Within the mitochondria Matrix.

3.Kerbs Cycle
•Within the mitochondria Matrix

4. Electron Transport Chain
   •inner membrane (cristae) of mitochondria

Question 13

What happens in the Glycolysis stage?

Answer 13

The splitting of glucose into two 3-carbon molecules (pyruvic acid).

Question 14

What happens in the Preparatory Reaction stage?

Answer 14

Divides each 3-carbon molecules into a 2-carbon molecule and CO2 (carbon dioxide)

Question 15

What happens in the Kerbs Cycle stage?

Answer 15

Produces CO2, NADH, FADH2 and ATP.

Question 16

What happens in the Electron Transport Chain stage?

Answer 16

Most ATP is produced using electrons extracted from glucose.

Question 17

Summary of Glycolysis

Answer 17

• One glucose (6-C) ≥Two pyruvic acid (3-C)
• 2 NADH formed to be used later in the ETC
• A net of 2 ATP molecules produced

Question 18

Preparatory Reaction Summary

Answer 18

• 2 pyruvi acid (3C) > 2 Acetyl-CoA (2C)
• 2 CO2 released
• 2 NADH formed to be used later in the ETC
• No ATP molecules produced in this step.

Question 19

Kerbs Cycle Summary

Answer 19

• Turns twice for each glucose molecule
• 2 acetyl-CoA > 4 CO2
• 6 NADH - to the ETC
• 2 FADH2 - to the ETC
• 2 ATP

Question 20

Electron Transport Chain summary

Answer 20

• Occurs in the cristae (inner membrane) of the mitochondria
• NADH and FADH2 are oxidized by carries (membrane proteins) in the ETC.
• The components of the ETC (membrane proteins) accept electrons carried and released by NADH and FADH2.
• The “final electron acceptor” in the ETC is oxygen. Oxygen accepts electrons and two hydrogen atoms to form water.

Question 21

Summary of Cellular Respiration (AEROBIC)

Answer 21

- 1 Glucose (C6 H12 O6) > 6 CO2 + 6 H2O
•Total of 38 AT molecules are produced 
---2 from glycolysis
---2 from Kerb's Cycle
---34 ATP from NADH and FADH2 to the ETC
•2 ATP are used to shuttle NADH electrons from cytoplasm into mitochondria.
•Net of 36 ATP per one glucose molecule.

Question 22

Chemical Equation for Cellular Respiration

Answer 22

C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2 > 6 H20 + 6 CO2 + 36 ATP (ENERGY) + HEAT

Question 23

Heat temperature of an animal equation

Answer 23

body temp (body heat) = heat produced (by metabolism) + heat gained - heat lost (to and from the environment)