passage 22

Question 1

specie

Answer 1

n: coins, especially those made of valuable metals
سکه
n2: strain: گونه
24 species of fish

Question 2

irrigate
irrigation

Answer 2

v: to supply land with water so that crops and plants will grow:
آبیاری، آبیاری کردن
n: آبیاری

Question 3

cotton

Answer 3

پنبه، نخ

Question 4

ecological
ecology

Answer 4

adj: relating to ecology or the environment:
زیست محیطی
n: ecology : اکولوژی، بومشناسی

Question 5

soil

Answer 5

n: the material on the surface of the ground in which plants grow:
حاک (کشاورزی)
n: the soil: the activity of farming:

Question 6

pesticide

Answer 6

n: a chemical substance used to kill harmful insects, small animals, wild plants, and other unwanted organisms:
حشره‌کش

Question 7

dry up

Answer 7

p: If a river, lake, etc. dries up, the water in it disappears.
خشک شدن

Question 8

mortality/mortal
mortal
mortally

Answer 8

noun: death, especially on a large scale.
مرگ و میر
adj: فانی، مرگ‏ پذیر
adv: به طور کشنده‌ای

Question 9

flow out

Answer 9

بیرون ریختن

Question 10

the former soviet union

Answer 10

دولت شوروی سابق

Question 11

dam
earthen dam

Answer 11

n: سد، جلوگیر
v: build a dam across (a river or lake).
سد شدن\
earthen dam: سد خاکی، خشتی

Question 12

drain
drainage/drain
drained / draining

Answer 12

v: cause the water or other liquid in (something) to run out, leaving it empty or dry. remove liquid
خالی کردن، تخلیه کردن
v: to make someone very tired:
کوفته کردن
noun: drain on: something that uses more of your energy, money, or time than you want to give:
هزینه بر
Having a big mortgage is a real drain on your earnings.
noun: لوله ی فاضلاب
دریچه ی توی سینک
adj: drained: خیلی خسته
adj: draining: خسته کننده

Question 13

evaporate

Answer 13

v: to cause a liquid to change to a gas, especially by heating:
تبخیر شدن، تبدیل از حالت مایع به گاز
v2: to disappear:
ناپدید شدن

Question 14

compress
compressed

Answer 14

v: to press something into a smaller space:
فشرده کردن
adj: فشرده، متراکم

Question 15

steam

Answer 15

n: the hot gas that is produced when water boils: بخار آب

Question 16

emission

Answer 16

n: an amount of gas, heat, light, etc. that is sent out:
انتشار، صدور (بنزین، بخار و…)
a zero-emission car

Question 17

practical

Answer 17

adj: relating to experience, real situations, or actions rather than ideas or imagination:
واقع‌بین، منطقی
adj: suitable for the situation in which something is used:
مناسب، مفید

Question 18

compact

Answer 18

adj: closely and neatly packed together; dense.
متراکم، متمرکز

Question 19

expert

Answer 19

n: a person who is very knowledgeable about or skilful in a particular area.
وارد
کار بلد
adj: having or involving a great deal of knowledge or skill in a particular area.
ماهر، متخصص

Question 20

foresee

Answer 20

v: be aware of beforehand; predict.
پیشبینی کردن، از پیش دانستن

predict vs forecast vs foresee
فعل predict برای پیش بینی یک رویداد یا عمل که ممکنه در آینده رخ بده (مخصوصاً بر اساس دانش یا تجربه ما)
فعل forecast برای پیش بینی چیزی که انتظار داریم به احتمال زیاد در آینده اتفاق بیفته استفاده میشه. معمولا بر اساس مدارک و شواهد
زمانی از فعل foresee استفاده میکنیم که قبل از وقوع یک اتفاق، در مورد اون آگاه و مطلع باشیم. معنی این فعل بیشتر به “از پیش دانستن” نزدیکه

Question 21

assortment

Answer 21

n: a miscellaneous collection of things or people.
طبقه‌بندی، دسته بندی
assort: طبقه بندی کردن

Question 22

commuter
commute

Answer 22

n: a person who travels some distance to work on a regular basis.
شخصی که به طور مرتب در حال مسافرت از خانه به محل کار و برعکس می باشد .
commute: رفت و آمد

Question 23

urban
suburb
country side
rural

Answer 23

adj: in, relating to, or characteristic of a town or city.
شهری
شهری درون شهری
suburb برون شهری
country side مناطق مرزی
rural روستایی

Question 24

utility
utilize

Answer 24

n: the state of being useful, profitable, or beneficial.
مطلوبیت
n: an organization supplying the community with electricity, gas, water, or sewerage.
صنایع همگانی
adj: useful, especially through being able to perform several functions.
کارآمد
utilize: make practical and effective use of.
استفاده مفید کردن

Question 25

infrastructure

Answer 25

زیربنا

Question 26

commerce
commercial

Answer 26

n: commerce: the activity of buying and selling, especially on a large scale.
تجارت
adj: concerned with or engaged in commerce.
تجاری

Question 27

Budgetary
Commercial
Economic
Financial
Monetary
Economic
Economical

Answer 27

Budgetary : بودجه ای
Commercial : تجاری - بازرگانی
Economic : اقتصادی
Financial : مالی
Monetary : پولی
⚠️ نکته به شدت کلیدی ⚠️
Economic یعنی مربوط به اقتصاد و علم اقتصاد و موفقیت کسب و کار اما
Economical یعنی به صرفه، نه چندان گران، قابل خرید، استطاعت پذیر، مقرون به صرفه/ صرفه جو ( فرد ) / کم مصرف، میانه رو در مصرف ( وسیله یا دستگاه )

Question 28

dine

Answer 28

v: eat dinner. formal
“we dined at a restaurant”

Question 29

convenience
conveniently
convenient

Answer 29

convenience: آسودگی، راحتی
adv: conveniently: بطور مناسبی
adj :fitting in well with a person’s needs, activities, and plans.
راحت، در دسترس

Question 30

shuttle

Answer 30

n: a vehicle or aircraft that travels regularly between two places:
فضایی. شاتل
take the shuttle To get across town, you can take the shuttle from Times Square to Grand Central.

Question 31

frontier

Answer 31

n: a line or border separating two countries.
مرز

Question 32

surveyor

Answer 32

n: a person who examines the condition of land and buildings professionally.
نقشه‌بردار

Question 33

trigonometry

Answer 33

هندسه
trigonometry is the subset of geometry that deals with the properties of one of the shapes in geometry called “triangle”.

Question 34

pride

Answer 34

افتخار

Question 35

expedition

Answer 35

n: a journey undertaken by a group of people with a particular purpose, especially that of exploration, research, or war.
سفری طولانی به محلی خطرناک، سفر تحقیقاتی

Question 36

peak

Answer 36

قله

Question 37

representation
represent

Answer 37

n: the action of speaking or acting on behalf of someone or the state of being so represented.
نمایندگی
represent: to speak, act, or be present officially for another person or people
نماینده بودن
نمایانگر چیزی/کسی بودن

Question 38

revolution
revolve
revolutionary

Answer 38

n: a forcible overthrow of a government or social order, in favour of a new system.
انقلاب، جنبنش
revolutionize:v: انقلاب کردن
revolutionary: انقلابی

Question 39

colony

Answer 39

n: a country or area controlled politically by a more powerful country that is often far away:
مستعمره
Australia and New Zealand are former British colonies.

Question 40

declared
declare
declaration

Answer 40

adj: openly or formally asserted or announced.
مدعی، اظهار شده
v: to announce something clearly, firmly, publicly, or officially:
اعلام یا اعلان کردن
declaration: اعلام

Question 41

levy

Answer 41

v: impose (a tax, fee, or fine).
مالیات بستن

Question 42

authority

Answer 42

n: the moral or legal right or ability to control:
مبنع موثق، قدرت

Question 43

settler
settle

Answer 43

n: a person who moves with a group of others to live in a new country or area.
مهاجرف، ساکن
settle
ساکن کردن

Question 44

revolted
revolt

Answer 44

adj: disgusted.
شوریده، حال بهم خورده

revolt: cause to feel disgust.
به چندش آوردن
revolt: take violent action against an established government or ruler; rebel.
شورش کردن، قیام کردن

Question 45

govern

Answer 45

v: conduct the policy, actions, and affairs of (a state, organization, or people) with authority.
جکمرانی کردن