Parvovirus Flashcards
Porcine Parvoviral Disease
Most susceptible
First pregnancy gilts
Porcine Parvoviral Disease
Spread
Faeces, saliva, semen, fomites
Porcine Parvoviral Disease
Pathogenesis
PO->gut->blood->viraemia->fetal damage->SMEDI
Porcine Parvoviral Disease
Primary Replication Site
Small Intestine
Porcine Parvoviral Disease
Target Organs
organs with rapid cell division: intestines, fetuses
Porcine Parvoviral Disease
Clinical Signs
<30 days: reabsorbed
30-70d: mummified
>70d: dead/born weak/healthy
*High mortality of fetuses
Porcine Parvoviral Disease
Pathology
- different sized fetuses
- SC hemorrhages
- calcification of placenta
- hepatitis, nephritis
Porcine Parvoviral Disease
Diagnosis
IF, PCR, Virus isolation
Porcine Parvoviral Disease
Treatment
- No treatment
* sow goes back to normal after SMEDI
Porcine Parvoviral Disease
Prevention & immunity
- Maternal immunity: <6mo
- inavticated(live) vaccine at 6mo&prior to breeding
- Life-long immunity
Parvovirus canine enteritis
Most Susceptible
Young dogs
6 weeks - 6 months
Parvovirus canine enteritis
Spread
direct contact, faeces, infected animal, fomites
Parvovirus canine enteritis
Pathogenesis
PO->lymphoid tissue oropharynx->viraemia->systemic ilness
Parvovirus canine enteritis
Primary Replication
Lymphoid tissue of
oropharynx
4-5d incubation
Parvovirus canine enteritis
Target Organs
Organs with rapidly dividing cells: *SI crypts(diarrhea)
- Lymphopoetic tissue(luekopenia,immunesupression),
- Myocardial cells(young animals, deah)
Parvovirus canine enteritis
Clinical Signs
- Young puppies(3-8wo): myocardial damage, sudden death
- Older puppies(>8wo) general CS, acute gastroenteritis, vomiting, severe bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, dehydration
- subclinical infection is possible
- high mortality of young
Parvovirus canine enteritis
Pathology & Histopathology
- Inflamed, red intestines with haemorrhages
* Basophilic nuclear inclusion bodies in intestine&heart.
Parvovirus canine enteritis
Diagnosis
Anamnesis, Clinical Signs and PM lesions PCR in feces ELISA *Seropositivity can also be due to vaccination
Parvovirus Canine enteritis
Treatment
Symptomatic treatment: •Rehydration • Liquid Replacements • Anti-emetics • Colloid Treatment •Antibiotics Hyperimmune serum before CS
Parvovirus canine enteritis
Prevention & Immunity
- Maternal immunity until 3-4mo
* Iive attenuated/inactivated polyvalent vaccine (every 3-4w, >8wo, ->yearly)
Feline Panleukopaenia Virus
Most susceptible
*Kittens 2 weeks - 6 months
*Pregnant queens
*Immunosupressant
animals
Feline Panleukopaenia Virus
Spread
Highly contagious!
Direct contact, secretions,fleas, fomites
Feline Panleukopaenia Virus
Pathogenesis
PO/inhalation->pharyngeal lymphoid tissue->viraemia>systemic illness
Feline Panleukopaenia Virus
Primary Replication
Pharyngeal lymphoid tissue
5-7d incubation
Feline Panleukopaenia Virus
Target Organs
- SI crypt: diarrhea
- Bone marrow: anemia
- Lymhpoid cells: leukopenia
- Myocardial cells: sudden death
- Fetuses: transplacental infection- stem cell destruction->abortion, malformations
Feline Panleukopaenia Virus
Clinical Signs
- young animals usually die before CS
* non specific cs initially then acute enteritis, severe bloody diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dehydration
Feline Panleukopaenia Virus
Pathology & Histopathology
- inflamed&red intestines with hemorrhages
- cerebral hypoplasia in kittens
- Basophilic nuclear inclusion bodies in intestinal and heart cells
Feline Panleukopaenia Virus
Diagnosis
Anamnesis, Clinical Signs and PM lesions PCR from faeces ELISA low WBC count *Seropositivity due to vaccination can occur
Feline Panleukopaenia Virus
Treatment
Symptomatic treatment: • Rehydration • Liquid Replacements • Anti-emetics • Colloid Treatment •Antibiotics Hyperimmune serum before CS
Feline Panleukopaenia Virus
Prevention & Immunity
Hygiene
- Maternal immunity for up to 3-4mo
- Inactivated/live attenuated polyvalent vaccines (every 3-4w from 8wo, then yearly)
Mink Parvoviral Enteritis
Most susceptible
All ages but most serious in kits.
Mink Parvoviral
Enteritis
Spread
Highly contagious
infected animal, faeces,fomites
Mink Parvoviral Enteritis
Pathogenesis
PO/inhalation->pharyngeal lymphoid tissue->viraemia >systemic illness
Mink Parvoviral Enteritis
Target organ
Pharyngeal lymphoid tissue
incubation: 5-7d
Mink Parvoviral Enteritis
Target Organs
- SI crypt: diarrhea
- Bone marrow: anemia
- Lymhpoid cells: leukopenia
- Myocardial cells: young animals, sudden death
Mink Parvoviral Enteritis
Clinical Signs
- initial, non-specific signs(anorexia,fever,depression)-> acute gastroenteritis(vomiting, watery bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, dehydration
- up to 80% mortality in young
Mink Parvoviral Enteritis
Pathology & Histopathology
- Inflamed and red intestines with haemorrhages
* Basophilic nuclear inclusion bodies in intestinal and heart cells
Mink Parvoviral Enteritis
Diagnosis
Clinical signs and PM lesions
PCR
ELISA
Mink Parvoviral Enteritis
Treatment
Symptomatic Treatment: • Rehydration • Liquid Replacements • Anti-emetics • Colloid Treatment • Antibiotics
Mink Parvoviral Enteritis
Prevention & Immunity
- culling/isolating all mink showing CS
- healthy minks should be vaccinated
- Live attenuated or inactivated polyvalent vaccines (2 every 4w from 8wo, then yearly)
Auletian Mink Disease (Plasmocytosis)
Most susceptible
- ZOONOTIC
- Blue-grey colour variant (50% mortality)
- All colours may be infected (5% mortality)
Auletian Mink Disease (Plasmocytosis)
Spread
*infected mink, secretions , intrauterine infection, vertical transmission!
Auletian Mink Disease (Plasmocytosis)
Pathogenesis
PO/Inhalation —> Pharynx lymphoid tissue —> Vireamia —> Organs with rapid cell division (spleen, liver, lymph organs)
Auletian Mink Disease (Plasmocytosis)
Primary Replication
Pharynx lymphoid tissue
Incubation: 4-6w
Auletian Mink Disease (Plasmocytosis)
Target Organs
Organs with rapid cell division: • Spleen • Liver • Lymph Organs and Immune System • Fetuses
Auletian Mink Disease (Plasmocytosis)
Clinical Signs
- In young: interstitial pneumonia (can be lethal)
- In old: immune complex formation and deposit in tissues -> glomerulonephritis, type 3 hypersensitivity reaction-> vasculitis, arthritis
- Fetal damage and abortion
- Chronic: Oral, nasal & GI bleeding(bloody faeces), renal failure and uraemia - CNS signs
Auletian Mink Disease (Plasmocytosis)
Pathology & Histopathology
- Hepatomegaly
- Splenomegaly
- Swollen Ln
- Bleeding and erosions on mm
- Atrophy&pitting of kidneys
- Arteritis
- Plasma cell proliferation in kidneys, liver, spleen, lns
Auletian Mink Disease (Plasmocytosis)
Diagnosis
- CS& PM lesions
- PCR
- virus isolation
- immune complexes detection
Auletian Mink Disease (Plasmocytosis)
Treatment
Symptomatic& Ab treatment
Auletian Mink Disease (Plasmocytosis)
Prevention &
Immunity
Slaughter all seropositive animals -> Eradication
No vaccine!
Derzsy’s Disease
(Goose/Duck Plague/Viral Hepatitis/Parvoviral enteritis/Influenza)
Spread
GPD: Domestic geese& Muscovy duck
MDPV: Muscovy duck& Barbari Duck
*Cross reaction is possible
- Faeces/infected animal
- Vertical: SC infected animals-> infect eggs-> embryo dies/hatch-> infect other day old hatchlings
Derzsy’s Disease
(Goose/Duck Plauge/Viral Hepatitis/Parvoviral enteritis/Influenza)
Pathogenesis
PO -> SI epithelium -> Vireamia—> Parenchymal organs: Liver, Heart muscle, Blood vessel wall
Derzsy’s Disease
(Goose/Duck Plauge/Viral Hepatitis/Parvoviral enteritis/Influenza)
Primary Replication
SI epithelium
Incubation: 1w
Derzsy’s Disease
(Goose/Duck Plauge/Viral Hepatitis/Parvoviral enteritis/Influenza)
Target Organs
- Liver
- Heart muscle,
- Blood vessel wall
Derzsy’s Disease
(Goose/Duck Plauge/Viral Hepatitis/Parvoviral enteritis/Influenza)
Clinical Signs
- 1do hatchling: cold like symptoms, diarrhea, ascites, fibrinous pseudomembrane in tongue, high water consumption - death within 1-2d
- if survives -> chronic form (growth&feather retardation, also in partially protected hatchlings)
Derzsy’s Disease
(Goose/Duck Plauge/Viral Hepatitis/Parvoviral enteritis/Influenza)
Most susceptible
Age dependent
- up to 100% mortality under 7-10do
- No CS >6wo
Derzsy’s Disease
(Goose/Duck Plauge/Viral Hepatitis/Parvoviral enteritis/Influenza)
Pathology & Histopathology
*GPV: ball shaped heart with tiger stripes, Fibrin&ascites , hemorrhages in mm
Derzsy’s Disease
(Goose/Duck Plauge/Viral Hepatitis/Parvoviral enteritis/Influenza)
Diagnosis
CS , PM, Inoculated eggs, embryonic cell cultures, Ab detection
Derzsy’s Disease
(Goose/Duck Plauge/Viral Hepatitis/Parvoviral enteritis/Influenza)
Treatment
Ab
Hyperimmune serum for day old hatchlings
Derzsy’s Disease
(Goose/Duck Plauge/Viral Hepatitis/Parvoviral enteritis/Influenza)
Prevention & Immunity
- Do not use survivors for breeding
- avoid incubating& hatching of different flocks together
- Serological test for any geese in contact with the virus/imported
- Attenuated, Inactivated and Recombinant Vaccines (all breeding animals, before laying, end of laying)
Parvovirus General Characteristics
ssDNA, Icosahedral, no envelope, replicated in rapidly dividing cells, stenoxen, long life immunity, highly resistant