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Virology > Parvoviridae, Adenoviridae (Ex2) > Flashcards

Parvoviridae, Adenoviridae (Ex2) Flashcards

1
Q

Parvoviridae General Features

morphology, genome, replication site

A
  • non-enveloped icosahedral, small
  • linear single stranded DNA
  • replication in nucleus of dividing cells
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2
Q

Feline Panleukopenia

other names, etiology, host

A
  • Feline Distemper, Infectious Enteritis
  • Feline Parvovirus
  • all felines
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3
Q

Transmission of Feline Panleukopenia

A
  • oro-nasally by exposure to infected animals, feces, secretions, or fomites
  • in-utero transmission
  • mechanical by flies
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4
Q

Pathogenesis of Feline Panleukopenia

A
  • replication in pharyngeal lymphoid tissue
  • viremia (in actively dividing cells) to other organs
  • leukopenia hallmark of disease
  • destruction of all white blood cell elements
  • thrombocytopenia
  • DIC
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5
Q

Pathogenesis of Feline Panleukopenia (Enteritis form)

A
  • virus damages replicating cells in crypts of intestinal mucosa
  • adsorptive cells on villi are unaffected, but have no replacement when they are lost
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6
Q

Pathogenesis of Feline Panleukopenia (in-utero infection)

A

early infection: fetal death and reabsorption
- abortions
- mummified fetuses
late infection: kittens born with damage to neural tissues

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7
Q

Pathogenesis of Feline Panleukopenia (CNS infection)

A
  • CNS, optic nerve, and retina are susceptible
  • cerebellar damage most common
  • cerebellar hypoplasia
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8
Q

Clinical Signs of Feline Panleukopenia

A
  • fever, depression, anorexia, rough coat, vomiting, bloody diarrhea
  • severe dehydration, hypothermia, sudden death due to bacterial infection, DIC
  • queens may show infertility or abortions
  • cerebellar hypoplasia and retinal degeneration in kittens
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9
Q

Canine Parvovirus 2 transmission

A
  • oro-nasal exposure to feces
  • in-utero infection
  • fomites
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10
Q

Pathogenesis/Signs of Canine Parvovirus 2

A
  • enteritis, panleukopenia: destruction of epithelium of intestinal crypts, no replacement for absorptive cells on villi
  • myocarditis: from in-utero, myocardial necrosis with cardiomyopathy failure, sudden death
  • neurological disease: cerebellar hypoplasia, hemorrhage
  • cutaneous disease: ulcers
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11
Q

Diagnosis of Canine Parvovirus 2

A
  • clinical signs
  • fecal viral antigen testing using ELISA or immunochromatographic test kit
  • PCR
  • virus isolation
  • Serology: not best method
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12
Q

Vaccination for Canine Parvovirus 2

A
  • modified live vaccine at 6-8, 10-12, and 14-16 weeks, followed by booster 1 year later, and every 3 years
  • inactivated vaccines in pregnant dogs or young puppies
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13
Q

Porcine Parvovirus transmission

A
  • oro-nasal in the pregnant sow followed by transplacental

- venereal from infected semen

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14
Q

Porcine Parvovirus Pathogenesis

A
  • viremia
  • transplacental: not all fetus are infected at the same time
  • sites of replication: mitotically active cells in fetal tissue, also other organs and cells
  • endothelial damage in many organs
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15
Q

Clinical Signs of Porcine Parvovirus

A
  • hallmark: increase in mummified fetuses
  • abortions uncommon
  • embryo/fetus (70): develop lesions, but survive
  • adults are subclinical
  • some piglets born immunotolerant and shed the virus
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16
Q

Diagnosis of Porcine Parvovirus

A
  • FA staining of frozen sections of fetal tissues
  • PCR
  • ELISA, HA, or HI
17
Q

Vaccination/Immunization against Porcine Parvovirus

A
  • inactivated and live vaccines available
  • vaccinate all susceptible breeding sticks twice
  • gilts can be naturally infected by mingling with older breeding stock
18
Q

Adenoviridae General Features

A
  • non-enveloped, hexagonal shape
  • penton capsomeres with fiber protrude from surface
  • non-segmented, linear double stranded DNA
  • replication in nucleus
  • intranuclear inclusion bodies are formed
19
Q

Adenoviridae Pathogenesis

A
  • cause acute respiratory or gastroenteric disease, mostly subclinical
  • penton and fiber proteins are toxic to cells
  • immunosuppression
  • latency in lymphoid tissues
  • can be oncogenic: E1A and E1B
20
Q

Describe the immunosuppression action of Adenoviridae

A
  • inhibition of MHC class 1 antigen transport by E3
  • inhibition of tumor necrosis factor induced apoptosis by E3
  • blocking of interferon-induced protein kinase R-mediated inhibition of viral protein synthesis
  • modulate antiviral inflammatory responses by inhibiting nuclear factor kB transcriptional activity
21
Q

Infectious Canine Hepatitis

genus, etiology, host

A
  • Mastadenovirus
  • Canine adenovirus 1
  • canids and bears
22
Q

Transmission of Infectious Canine Hepatitis

A
  • CAV-1 found in all secretions and excretions
  • oro-nasal route
  • contact with secretions/excretions of infected dogs, fomites, ectoparasites harboring CV-1
23
Q

Sites of replication for Infectious Canine Hepatitis

A
  • macrophages
  • kpuffer cells
  • hepatocytes
  • vascular endothelium of different organs
  • parenchymal cells of organs and tissues
24
Q

What are the main target organs of Infectious Canine Hepatitis?

A
  • liver
  • kidneys
  • spleen
  • lungs
25
Q

Pathology of liver in Infectious Canine Hepatitis

A
  • swollen, mottle liver
  • gall bladder edematous thickening
  • cirrhosis of liver
  • hepatic fibrosis
26
Q

Describe the ocular lesions of Infectious Canine Hepatitis

A
  • blue eye
  • damage to corneal epithelium
  • uveitis
  • corneal edema
27
Q

Necrospy findings of Infectious Canine Hepatitis

A
  • paint brush hemorrhage
  • centrilobular necrosis of liver, with hepatocellular intranuclear inclusions
  • grayish white foci in kidney cortex of recovered of chronic dogs
28
Q

Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis

other name, family, etiology

A
  • Kennel cough
  • mastadenovirus
  • canine adenovirus 2
  • bordetella bronchispetica
29
Q

Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis transmission

A
  • highly contagious
  • aerosolized droplets
  • stress increases severity
30
Q

Clinical Signs of Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis

A
  • harsh, dry coughing causing honking sounds
  • rhinitis, serous nasal discharge
  • conjunctivitis
  • severe pneumonia
31
Q

Treatment of Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis

A
  • antitussives (cough suppressants) with bronchodilators

Virology (15 decks)

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