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Virology > Circoviridae, Asfarviridae, Papillomaviridae (Ex2) > Flashcards

Circoviridae, Asfarviridae, Papillomaviridae (Ex2) Flashcards

1
Q

Circoviridae General Features

A
  • small viruses, nonenveloped, spherical with icosahedral symmetry
  • circular single-stranded DNA genomes
  • replication in actively dividing cells
  • DNA replication in nucleus
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2
Q

Post-Weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome

genus, etiology, host

A
  • circovirus
  • caused by porcine circovirus type 2
  • pigs
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3
Q

Transmission of PMWS

A
  • fecal-oral route most common
  • virus found in all secretions
  • vertical transmission in swine
  • stable, can survive on fomites
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4
Q

Pathogenesis of PMWS

A
  • characterized by individual to coalescing foci of granulomatous inflammation
  • sometimes with prominent botryoid (grape-like) inclusion bodies
  • targets cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes, and macrophages during fetal life
  • lymphoid depletion and lymphopenia in peripheral blood
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5
Q

Clinical Signs of PMWS

A
  • subclinical most common
  • lethargy, weight loss, cough, dyspnea, lymphadenopathy, diarrhea, skin discoloration, tremors
  • abortion in transplacental infections
  • co-infection can cause severe disease and more pronounced lesions (parvo)
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6
Q

Diagnosis of PMWS

A
  • clinical signs
  • samples: blood, tonsils, lymph nodes, etc.
  • characteristic histopathology
  • serology: most pigs are seropositive so not always effective
  • detection of PCV-2 nucleic acids by PCR
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7
Q

What is Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome?

virus, host, signs

A
  • associated with PCV-2
  • sporadic
  • in older piglets
  • necrotizing skin lesions, necrotizing vasculitis, and nectrotizing and fibrinous glomerulonephritis
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8
Q

What is Chicken Infectious Anemia?

genus, what it is, structure, age

A
  • Gyrovirus
  • highly contagious disease of young chickens
  • has 12 trumpet-like structures
  • older chickens more resistant
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9
Q

Transmission of Chicken Infectious Anemia

A
  • virus shed in feces and feather dander
  • inhalation or oral exposure
  • vertical through egg
  • stable in environment
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10
Q

Pathogenesis of Chicken Infectious Anemia

A
  • replication in hemoctyoblasts of the bone marrow cause anemia
  • replication in T cells in thymus and spleen cause immunosuppression
  • apoptin protein of the virus induces apoptosis of lymphocytes
  • vulnerable to secondary bacterial infections
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11
Q

Clinical Signs of Chicken Infectious Anemia

A
  • anorexia, lethargy, depression, weight loss, pale membranes
  • blood may be watery and clot slowly due to thrombocytopenia
  • subcutaneous and skeletal hemorrhages
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12
Q

What is the main purpose of vaccination for Chicken Infectious Anemia?

A
  • to protect the progeny of the vaccinated breeders from early infections by means of maternally derived antibodies
  • presence of antibodies in breeders reduces vertical and horizontal transmission
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13
Q

General Features of Asfarviridae

A
  • virions are enveloped
  • nucleocapsid core surrounded by internal lipid bilayers and icosahedral capsid
  • single molecule of linear double stranded DNA
  • replication in cytoplasm
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14
Q

African Swine Fever

etiology, host

A
  • only member of Asfarviridae family
  • only known DNA arborvirus
  • all pigs, domestic and wild
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15
Q

Transmission of African Swine Fever

A 
- vector: soft ticks
sylvatic cycle: warthogs and ticks
- young pigs develop viremia
domestic cycle: domestic pigs
- bite of infected tick
- direct contact with infected animal
- fomites, aerosol, ingestion of infected pork
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16
Q

Pathogenesis of African Swine Fever

A
  • hemorrhages and apoptosis
  • leukopenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia
  • replication: pharyngeal mucosa, tonsils, endothelial cells, macrophages, megakaryocytes
  • p54 protein induces apoptosis
17
Q

Clinical Signs of African Swine Fever

A

Peracute: sudden death, high fever, hyperemia
Acute: high fever, anorexia, cyanotic skin, resp distress, vomiting, recumbency, diarrhea, abortion, death
Chronic: emaciation, stunted growth, swollen joints, ulcers, “blackberry jam” spleen

18
Q

Diagnosis of African Swine Fever

A
  • virus isolation
  • hemadsorption
  • serology: FAT, immunodiffusion
  • PCR
19
Q

Papillomaviridae General Features

A
  • non-enveloped, spherical, icosahedral
  • single molecule of circular double-stranded DNA
  • produce papillomas
  • species and site specific
  • can transform to cancer
20
Q

Replication of Papillomaviruses

A
  • in squamous epithelium
  • infect keratinocytes in basal layer that is exposed through micro-wounds
  • genomes replicated with cellular DNA
  • after division, one daughter cell migrates from basal layer to outer layers and undergoes differentiation
  • virus accumulation most noticeable in stratum granulosum
21
Q

Bovine Papillomatosis general features and transmission

A
  • warts commonly seen
  • all ages susceptible
  • horses can get infection after exposure to infected cattle
  • transmitted by fomites and sexual transmission
22
Q

Fibropapilloma

etiology, lesion appearance and location

A
  • Bovine papillomaviruses 1, 2, and 5
  • fibrous core covered with stratified squamous epithelium
  • small nodules to cauliflower-like
  • gray to black in color, rough and spiny
  • common on udder and teats, head, neck, and shoulders
  • young bulls: on tip of penis
23
Q

Cutaneous papillomas

etiology and lesions

A
  • Bovine papilloma virus 3
  • lesions lack fibrous core
  • flat with broad base
  • tend to persist
24
Q

Bracken Fern and Bovine papillomaviruses

A
  • bovine papillomavirus 4 can cause papillomas in alimentary tract
  • ingestion of fern can transform the papillomas into invasive carcinomas
  • fern contain carcinogens, mutagens, and immunsuppressive chemicals
  • papillomaviruses 1 and 2 can also result in enzootic hematuria
25
Q

Canine Oral Papillomatosis general features

A
  • contagious, self-limiting disease affecting oral cavity of dogs
  • warts on lips, buccal mucosa, tongue, palate, and pharynx
  • histology: epithelial hyperplasia and cytoplasmic vacuolization
  • lesions regress spontaneously
26
Q

Clinical Signs of Canine Oral Papillomatosis

A
  • halitosis, hemorrhage, hypersalivation, discomfort
  • warts may interfere with mastication
  • possible secondary bacterial infections
  • ocular warts in conjunctiva, cornea, eyelid margins
27
Q

Equine Sarcoids

what are they, hosts, etiology

A
  • horses, donkeys, and mules 1-6 years old
  • locally invasive benign fibroblastic skin tumors
  • associated with bovine papillomavirus 1 or 2
  • do not metastasize
28
Q

Equine Sarcoids Transmission

A
  • not confirmed
  • flies may be vectors, fomites
  • susceptible breeds: arabian, appaloosa, american quarter
  • less susceptible: standardbred, thoroughbred
29
Q

Equine Sarcoids Clinical Signs

A
  • lesions in traumatized areas
  • growths bulge under skin
  • may be ulcerated

Virology (15 decks)

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