Epidemology (Ex1) Flashcards
What is Case Fatality Rate?
the number of deaths among the clinically ill animals
What is Mortality Rate?
the number of animals in a population that die from a particular disease over a specified period of time
What is Morbidity Rate?
the percentage of animals in a population that develop clinical signs attributable to a particular virus over a defined period of time
What is Incidence?
the number of new cases that occur in a population over a specified period of time
What is Prevalence?
the number of occurrences of disease, infection, or related attributes in a population, at a particular point in time
What is a Sporadic Viral Disease?
a viral disease that occurs occasionally, singly, or in scattered instances, and in an irregular and haphazard manner
What is an Enzootic Viral Disease?
the constant presence of a viral disease within a given geographic area or population group
What is an Epizootic Viral Disease?
the occurrence of more cases of viral diseases than expected in a given area or among a specific group over a period of time
What is a Panzootic Viral Disease?
a virus epidemic occurring over a very wide area and usually affecting a large proportion of the population
What is a carrier?
an animal that has contracted an infectious disease, but displays no clinical symptoms
What is an incubatory carrier?
an animal that sheds the virus during the incubation period
What is a convalescent carrier?
an animal that sheds the virus during recovery from the disease
What is an inapparent carrier?
carrier state that may exist in an animal with an infection that is inapparent throughout its course
What is a contagious disease?
a disease that is spread from one person or organism to another by direct or indirect contact
What is an exotic disease?
a disease not known to occur in a particular country or geographical area
What is a reservoir?
the habitat in which an infectious agent normally lives, grows, and multiplies
What is mechanical vector transmission?
passive transport of the infectious agent on the feet or other body parts of the vector
What is biological vector transmission?
infectious agent undergoes part of its life cycle in the vector before transmission
- virions in the salivary glands
What is transovarial transmission?
virus is transmitted from mother tick through infected eggs to next generation
What is trans-stadial transmission?
virus is transmitted from larva or nymph to next stage of development
What are Arboviruses?
a class of viruses transmitted to humans by arthropods
What is Enzootic Cycle?
- natural transmission of virus between wild animals and insect vectors
- sylvatic, jungle cycle
What is Epizootic Cycle?
- virus is transmitted between non-wild or domestic animals and insect vector
- rural cycle
What is Urban Cycle?
virus cycles between humans and insect vectors
What is an Amplifying Host?
the level of virus can become high enough that an insect vector feeding on it can become infectious
What is a Bridge Vector?
an arthropod that acquires virus from an infected wild animal and transmits the agent to a human or secondary host
What is Iatrogenic transmission?
infection is transferred during medical or surgical practice
What is Herd Immunity?
a form of immunity that occurs when the vaccination of a significant portion of a population provides a measure of protection for individuals who have not developed immunity
What is the Incubation period?
the interval between infection and the onset of clinical signs
What is the Prodromal period?
the first signs and feelings of illness after incubation period
What is the Acute period?
when the disease is at its height
severe clinical signs
What is the Decline Period?
immune system is fighting back
clinical signs begin to subside
What is the Convalescence period?
the body tries to return to normal
health is restored
