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Virology > Epidemology (Ex1) > Flashcards

Epidemology (Ex1) Flashcards

1
Q

What is Case Fatality Rate?

A

the number of deaths among the clinically ill animals

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2
Q

What is Mortality Rate?

A

the number of animals in a population that die from a particular disease over a specified period of time

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3
Q

What is Morbidity Rate?

A

the percentage of animals in a population that develop clinical signs attributable to a particular virus over a defined period of time

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4
Q

What is Incidence?

A

the number of new cases that occur in a population over a specified period of time

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5
Q

What is Prevalence?

A

the number of occurrences of disease, infection, or related attributes in a population, at a particular point in time

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6
Q

What is a Sporadic Viral Disease?

A

a viral disease that occurs occasionally, singly, or in scattered instances, and in an irregular and haphazard manner

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7
Q

What is an Enzootic Viral Disease?

A

the constant presence of a viral disease within a given geographic area or population group

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8
Q

What is an Epizootic Viral Disease?

A

the occurrence of more cases of viral diseases than expected in a given area or among a specific group over a period of time

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9
Q

What is a Panzootic Viral Disease?

A

a virus epidemic occurring over a very wide area and usually affecting a large proportion of the population

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10
Q

What is a carrier?

A

an animal that has contracted an infectious disease, but displays no clinical symptoms

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11
Q

What is an incubatory carrier?

A

an animal that sheds the virus during the incubation period

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12
Q

What is a convalescent carrier?

A

an animal that sheds the virus during recovery from the disease

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13
Q

What is an inapparent carrier?

A

carrier state that may exist in an animal with an infection that is inapparent throughout its course

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14
Q

What is a contagious disease?

A

a disease that is spread from one person or organism to another by direct or indirect contact

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15
Q

What is an exotic disease?

A

a disease not known to occur in a particular country or geographical area

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16
Q

What is a reservoir?

A

the habitat in which an infectious agent normally lives, grows, and multiplies

17
Q

What is mechanical vector transmission?

A

passive transport of the infectious agent on the feet or other body parts of the vector

18
Q

What is biological vector transmission?

A

infectious agent undergoes part of its life cycle in the vector before transmission
- virions in the salivary glands

19
Q

What is transovarial transmission?

A

virus is transmitted from mother tick through infected eggs to next generation

20
Q

What is trans-stadial transmission?

A

virus is transmitted from larva or nymph to next stage of development

21
Q

What are Arboviruses?

A

a class of viruses transmitted to humans by arthropods

22
Q

What is Enzootic Cycle?

A
  • natural transmission of virus between wild animals and insect vectors
  • sylvatic, jungle cycle
23
Q

What is Epizootic Cycle?

A
  • virus is transmitted between non-wild or domestic animals and insect vector
  • rural cycle
24
Q

What is Urban Cycle?

A

virus cycles between humans and insect vectors

25
Q

What is an Amplifying Host?

A

the level of virus can become high enough that an insect vector feeding on it can become infectious

26
Q

What is a Bridge Vector?

A

an arthropod that acquires virus from an infected wild animal and transmits the agent to a human or secondary host

27
Q

What is Iatrogenic transmission?

A

infection is transferred during medical or surgical practice

28
Q

What is Herd Immunity?

A

a form of immunity that occurs when the vaccination of a significant portion of a population provides a measure of protection for individuals who have not developed immunity

29
Q

What is the Incubation period?

A

the interval between infection and the onset of clinical signs

30
Q

What is the Prodromal period?

A

the first signs and feelings of illness after incubation period

31
Q

What is the Acute period?

A

when the disease is at its height

severe clinical signs

32
Q

What is the Decline Period?

A

immune system is fighting back

clinical signs begin to subside

33
Q

What is the Convalescence period?

A

the body tries to return to normal

health is restored

Virology (15 decks)

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