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OB > Parturition > Flashcards

Parturition Flashcards

1
Q

Phase 1

Characterized by presence of

A

Contractile protein

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2
Q

Low intensity myometrial contractions felt during quiescent phase, do not normally cause cervical dilatation.

A

Braxton hicks contraction or false labor

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3
Q

Characterized by increase in tissue compliance, yet the cervix remains firm and unyielding.

A

Cervical softening

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4
Q

Cervix is closed and firm like nasal cartilage

A

Non pregnant woman

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5
Q

At the end of pregnancy, the cervix is easily distensible and the consistency is similar to the lips of the oral cavity

A

Pregnant woman

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6
Q

Cervical shortening between what weeks has been associated with increased case of preterm delivery

A

16-24 weeks

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7
Q

Softening results from

A 
Increased vascularity
Stroma hypertrophy 
Glandular hypertrophy
Hyperplasia
Structural changes of ECM
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8
Q

Softening is preceded by

A

Increase in collagen solubility

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9
Q

The one that being assembled to collagen fibers

A

Collagen fibrils

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10
Q

Phase 2

A

Preparation for labor

Cervical ripening

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11
Q

To prepare for labor, the myometrial tranquility of phase 1 must be suspended

A

Uterine awakening and activation

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12
Q

Phase 2 occurs during the last _______ weeks of pregnancy! this prepare the uterus for labor contraction

A

6-8

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13
Q

Myometrial changes

Results from alterations in the expression of key proteins that control contractility, what proteins?

A

Oxytocin receptor
Prostaglandin F receptor
Connexin 43

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14
Q

Myometrial changes

Myometrial oxytocin receptors markedly increase along with

A

Connexin 43

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15
Q

Myometrial changes

Agents that stimulate contractions

A

Uterotonins

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16
Q

Formation of lower uterine segment from isthmus. Fetal head often descends to or even through the pelvic inlet.

A

Lightening

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17
Q

The abdomen also undergoes a change in shape described often as

A

The baby dropped

18
Q

Cervical ripening during phase 2

Before contractions begin, the cervix must undergo

A

Extensive remodeling

19
Q

10-15% smooth muscle cells and the others are connective tissues namely

A

Collagen
GAGs
Proteoglycans
Elastin

20
Q

Responsible for structural deposition of the cervix
Contains 3 alpha chains
Changes in collagen regulate
Remodeling

A

Collagen

21
Q

High molecular weights polysaccharides that complex with proteins and proteoglycans

PP

A

GAGs

22
Q

Glycoproteins that contain a protein core and GAG chains

PG

A

Proteoglycans

23
Q

At least three small leucine-rich proteoglycans are expressed in the cervix

A

Decorin
Biglycan
Fibromodulin

24
Q

Inflammatory changes

Marked changes within the ECM during ripening accompanied by

A

Stromal invasion with inflammatory cells

25
Q

Inflammatory changes

A

Cervical chemoattractant then
Inflammatory cells then
Release proteases then
Degradation of collagen

26
Q

Treatment to induce cervical ripening

A

Prostaglandin E2/F2

27
Q

For labor induction

A

Collagen

GAG

28
Q

Phase 3

A

Labor

29
Q

Phase 3 labor

A

Uterine contraction
Cervical dilatation
Expulsion of both fetus and placenta

30
Q

Stage 1

A

Clinical onset of labor

31
Q

Stage 1 begins and end?

A

Begins- spaced uterine contraction of sufficient frequency, intensity and duration.
- cervical thinning or effacement

Ends- when the cervix is fully dilated 10cm

32
Q

Extrusion of the mucus plug that had previously filled the cervical canal during pregnancy.

A

Bloody show

33
Q

Stage 1 there’s also presence of distinct upper and lower uterine segments

A

Change in the shape of the uterus.

34
Q

Uterine contraction painful due to

A

Hypoxia
Compression of nerve ganglia
Cervical stretching
Stretching of the peritoneum overlying the fundus

35
Q

Mechanical stretching of the cervix enhances uterine activity. Maybe due to the release of oxytocin has been suggested but not proven.

A

Ferguson reflex

36
Q

Manipulation of the cervix and “stripping” the fetal membrane is associated with an increase in blood levels of

A

Prostaglandin F2 metabolite

37
Q

Interval between contractions, diminishes gradually from

A

10 to 1minute or less in the second stage

38
Q

Compromise utero placental BF sufficiency to cause fetal Hypoxemia

A

Unremitting contraction

39
Q

Active phase labor

A

30-90 sec

Average of 1 minute

40
Q

Amniotic fluid pressure

A

20-60 mmHg

41
Q

Phase 1

A

Uterine quiescence and cervical softening

OB (6 decks)

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