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OB > Maternal Anatomy > Flashcards

Maternal Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Langer lines a low transverse incision like

A

Pfannenstiel or bikini cut

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2
Q

Superficial fatty layer
Continues onto the perineum to provide fatty substance to the mons pubis and labia majora and then blend with the fat of the ischioanal fossa

A

Camper fascia

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3
Q

Deeper membranous layer

A

Scarpa fascia

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4
Q

Scarpa fascia continues inferiorly onto the perineum as

A

Colles fascia

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5
Q

Fibrous aponeurosis of the muscles form the primary fascia of the anterior abdominal wall which fuse in the midline as

A

Linea alba

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6
Q

Abnormally wide separation may reflect

A

Diastasis recti or hernia

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7
Q

Rectus sheath

Construction of this varies above and below a boundary called

A

Arcuate line

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8
Q

Rectus sheath

Invest the rectus abdominis bellies on both the dorsal and ventral surfaces

A

Cephalad

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9
Q

Rectus sheath

Lie ventral and superficial to the rectus abdominis muscle

A

Caudal

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10
Q

Supplies the skin and subcutaneous layers

A

Femoral artery

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11
Q

Femoral artery branches out to the

A

Superficial epigastric
Superficial circumflex iliac
Superficial external pudendal arteries

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12
Q

Supplies the muscles and fascia

A

External iliac vessels

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13
Q

External iliac vessels branches out to the

A

Inferior deep epigastric vessels

Deep circumflex iliac vessels

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14
Q

Lacerated during Maynard incision for CS delivery

A

Inferior epigastric artery

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15
Q

Hasselbach triangle

A

Lateral - inferior epigastric vessels
Inferiorly - inguinal ligament
Medially - lateral border of the rectus muscle

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16
Q

Hernias direct

A

Hasselbach triangle

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17
Q

Hernias indirect

A

Deep inguinal ring lateral to the hasselbach triangle

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18
Q

Innervation

Anterior abdominal wall is innervated by the

A

Intercostal (T7-11)
Sub costal (T12)
Illiohypogastric and illioingunal (L1)

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19
Q

Innervation

Provide sensation to the skin over the suprapubic area

A

Illiohyphogastric nerve

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20
Q

Innervation

Supplies the skin of the mons pubis, upper labia majora and medial upper thigh

A

Illioingunal nerve

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21
Q

Innervation

Level of the umbilicus

A

T10 dermatome

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22
Q

Includes all structure visible externally from the symphysis pubis to the perineal body.

A

Pudenda or vulva

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23
Q

Fat filled cushion overlying the symphysis pubis covered by curly hair after puberty that form the escutcheon

A

Mons pubis/ mons veneris

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24
Q

Mons pubis shaped in men and women

A

Triangle - F

Diamond - M

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25
Q

Homologous with the male scrotum

A

Labia majora

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26
Q

Labia majora

Posteriorly

A

Form posterior commisure

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27
Q

Labia majora

Abundant

A

Apocrine
Eccrine
Sebaceous gland

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28
Q

Labia majora

Supplies with a rich venous plexus which commonly develops

A

Varicosities during pregnancy

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29
Q

Thin tissue fold that lies medial to each labia majora

A

Labia minora

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30
Q

Labia minora

Homologous in male

A

Ventral shaft of penis

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31
Q

Labia minora

Superiorly and divides into 2 lamellae

A

Lower: clitoris
Upper: prepuce

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32
Q

Labia minora

Inferiorly

A

Fourchette

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33
Q

Labia minora

Size

A

Width - 1-5 cm

Length - 2-10cm

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34
Q

Labia minora

Composed of connective tissue with

A

Nemerous vessels
Elastin fibers
Very few smooth muscle fibers

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35
Q

Labia minora

Epithelium outer

A

Thinly keratinized stratified squamous

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36
Q

Labia minora

Inner epithelium

A

Same as outer up to the hart line which is covered by non keratinized squamous epithelium

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37
Q

Labia minora

Lacks of

A

Hair follicle
Eccrine
Apocrine

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38
Q

Principal female erogenous organ

A

Clitoris

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39
Q

Clitoris

Homologous in male

A

Penis

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40
Q

Clitoris

Size

A

2 cm in length

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41
Q

Clitoris

Composed of

A

Glans - stratified squamous epi
Corpus - contain 2 corpora cavernosa
2 crura

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42
Q

From embryonic urogenital membrane

A

Vestibule

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43
Q

Vestibule

Almond shaped area enclosed by

A

Lateral: hart line
Medial: external surface of the hymen
Anterior: clitoral frenulum
Posterior: Fourchette

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44
Q

Vestibule

Openings

A

Urethra
Vagina
2 bartholin glands
Scene glands

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45
Q

Vestibule

Posterior portion between the Fourchette and vaginal opening is called

A

Fossa navicularis

Usually observed in nulliparas

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46
Q

Membrane of varying thickness that surrounds the vaginal opening more or less completely

A

Hymen

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47
Q

Hymen

Epithelium

A

Non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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48
Q

Rare malformation in which the vaginal orifice is occluded

A

Imferporate hymen

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49
Q

Musculo membranous tube that extends to the uterus and is interposed lengthwise between the bladder and the rectum.

50
Q

Vagina

Anterior

Separated from the bladder and urethra by connective tissue

A

Vesiculovaginal septum

51
Q

Vagina

Posterior

Between the lower portion of the vagina and rectum

A

Rectovaginal septum

52
Q

Vagina

Upper 1/4 is separated from the rectum bt the

A

Recto uterine poutch or cul de sac or pouch of Douglas

53
Q

Vagina

Upper end is subdivided into

A

Anterior
Posterior
2 lateral fornices by the cervix

54
Q

Vagina

Lining

A

Non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and underlying lamina propia.

55
Q

Vagina

In premenopausal women, the lining is thrown into numerous thin transverse ridges

56
Q

Vagina

Blood supply proximal

A

Cervical branch of the uterine a and vaginal a

57
Q

Vagina

Blood supply posterior

A

Middle rectal a

58
Q

Vagina

Lymphatics

A

Lower 1/3 and vulva - inguinal lymphnodes
Middle 1/3 - internal iliac nodes
Upper 1/3 - external, internal and common iliac nodes

59
Q

Diamond shape area between the thighs

60
Q

Perineum boundaries

A

Anterior: pubic symphysis
Anterolateral : ischiopubic rami and ischial tuberosities
Postero lateral: sacrotuberous ligaments
Posterior: coccyx

61
Q

Fibromascular mass found in the midline at the junction between anterior and posterior triangle

A

Perineal body (central tendon of the perineum)

62
Q

Deep to the anterior and posterior triangles

Support to the pelvic viscera

A

Pelvic diaphragm

63
Q

Pelvic diaphragm composed of

A

Levator ani

Pubococcygeus
Puborectalis
Illococcygeus

64
Q

More commonly damaged and may predispose women to pelvic organ prolapse or urinary in continence

A

Pubovisceral muscle

65
Q

Pubovisceral muscle contains

A

Pubovaginalis
Puboperinealis
Puboanalis

66
Q

Posterior triangle contains

A

Ischioanal fossae
Anal canal
Anal sphincter complex

67
Q

Two fat filled wedge shaped spaces found on either side of the anal canal, comprise the bulk of the posterior triangle

A

Ischioanal fossae

68
Q

Superficial space of the anterior triangle contains

A 
Bartholins glands
Vestibular bulbs
Clitoral body and crura
Pudendal vessels
Ischiocavernosus
Bulbocavernosus
69
Q

Superficial space of the anterior triangle

Lateral

A

Ischial tuberosities

70
Q

Superficial space of the anterior triangle

Posterior

A

Superficial transverse perineal

71
Q

Superficial space of the anterior triangle bounded deeply by the

A

Perineal membrane

Colles fascia

72
Q

Colles fascia

Lateral

A

Pubic rami and fascia lara of the thigh

73
Q

Colles fascia

Medial

A

Urethra
Clitoris
Vagina

74
Q

Extends up into the pelvis

Contains portion of the urethra and vagina

A

Deep space of the anterior triangle

75
Q

Anal canal

Epithelium

A

Columnar at the uppermost portion

Simple stratified squamous after

76
Q

Anal canal

Outer layer contains

A

Pubo recitals muscle
Cephalad
External anal sphincter caudal

77
Q

Anal canal

Venous engorgement within the cushions

A

Hemorrhoids

78
Q

Hemorrhoids

Arise distal to the pectinate line

79
Q

Hemorrhoids

Above dentate line

80
Q

Uterus

In non pregnant

A

Between bladder and rectum

81
Q

Uterus

Posterior wall covered by

A

Serosa (visceral peritoneum)

82
Q

Uterus

Fold of peritoneum between the lower portion of the posterior wall of the uterus and the rectum

A

Pouch of Douglas

83
Q

Pouch of Douglas contains

A

Body/corpus
Cervix
Isthmus

84
Q

Uterus

Union of the body and the cervix

85
Q

Uterus

At the superolateral margin from which the Fallopian tube emerges

A

Uterine Cornu

86
Q

Fusiform and open of each end by small apertures

87
Q

Cervix

Lies above the vaginas attachment to the cervix, lower cervical portion protrudes here

A

Portio vaginalis

88
Q

Cervix

Posterior

A

Peritoneum

89
Q

Cervix

Lateral

A

Cardinal ligaments

90
Q

Cervix

Extension to the external os and is lined by SSNK

A

Ectocervix

91
Q

Blue tint d/t increased vascularity

A

Chadwick sign

92
Q

Cervical edema d/t softening

A

Goodell sign

93
Q

Isthmic softening

A

Hegar sign

94
Q

Smooth muscle bundles united by connective tissue containing many elastic fibers

A

Myometrium

95
Q

Lines the uterine cavity

Composed of overlying epithelium invagination glands and a supportive vascular stroma

A

Endometrium

96
Q

Endometrium layers

A

Functionalis - sloughed with menses

Basalis - regenerate the functionalis after menses

97
Q

Gubernaculum testis

Originates below and anterior to the origin of the Fallopian tube

A

Round ligaments

98
Q

Two wings like structure that extend from the lateral uterine margins to the pelvic side walls

99
Q

Thick base of the broad ligament

Medially united firmly to the uterus and upper vagina

A

Cardinal (transverse cervical/mackenrodt ligament)

100
Q

From postero lateral attachment to the supravaginal portion of the cervix and inserts into the fascia of the sacrum

Form lateral boundaries of the pouch of Douglas

A

Uterosacral

101
Q

Lymphatic

A

Myometrium - lymphatic plexus
Cervix- hypogastric plexus
Body- internal iliac nodes, peri aortic nodes

102
Q

Innervation

Symphatetic - uterovaginal plexus of the frankenhauser

A

Uterus
Bladder
Upper angina
T11-12

103
Q

Innervation

Sensory S2-4

A

Cervix, upper birth canal

104
Q

Innervation

Pudendal nerves

A

Lower birth canal

105
Q

Ovaries

Size

A

2.5-5cm in length

106
Q

Ovaries

Position

A

Upper part of the pelvic cavity in a slight depression on the lateral wall of pelvis

107
Q

Ovaries

Between exterior and interior iliac vessels

A

Ovarian fossa of waldeyer

108
Q

Ovaries

Outermost smooth portion
Dull white surface
Tunica albuginea 
Oocytes 
Cuboidal
109
Q

Ovaries

Central
Loose connective tissue
Large arteries
Small smooth muscle

110
Q

Ovaries

Supplied by

A

Sympa- ovarian plexus

Para- vagus

111
Q

Ovaries

Sensory afferent

112
Q

Oviducts

Serpentine tubes

A

Fallopian tubes

113
Q

Fallopian tubes

Most proximal
Embodied within the uterine muscle wall

A

Interstitial

114
Q

Fallopian tubes

2-3 cm
Adjoins the uterus and widens gradually into

115
Q

Fallopian tubes

5-8mm more lateral
Lumen is occupied almost completely by arborescent mucosa

116
Q

Fallopian tubes

Funnel shape fimbriated distal extremity which opens into the abdominal cavity

A

Infundibullum

117
Q

Isthmus, ampulla and infundibullum are covered by the

A

Mesosalpinx

118
Q

Fallopian tubes

Outer single mesothelium layer functioning as visceral peritoneum

A

Mesosalphinx

119
Q

Fallopian tubes

Smooth muscle arranged in an inner circular and an outer longitudinal layer

A

Myosalphinx

120
Q

Fallopian tubes

Single columnar tubular mucosa epithelium in close contact with myosalphinx

A

Endosalphinx

121
Q

Orientation of dermal fibers within the skin arranged transversely

A

Langer lines

OB (6 decks)

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