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OB > Ovarian And Endometrial Cycle > Flashcards

Ovarian And Endometrial Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

How many opportunities of pregnancy

A

400 opportunities

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2
Q

Day of ovulation and its two preceding days

A

1200 days

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3
Q

Ability of the mother and the fetus to co exist as two distinct immunological system results from

A

Endocrine
Paracrine
Immunological medication of fetal and maternal tissues

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4
Q

Menstruation is regulated by

A

Hypothalamus
Pituitary axis
Ovaries
Genital tract

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5
Q

Average cycle

A

28days

Range- 25-32 days

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6
Q

Follicular phase

A

Days 1-14
Increase estrogen
Endometrial thickening
Dominant ovulatory follicle

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7
Q

Lutheal phase

A

Days 14-21
Corpus luteum produce estrogen and progesterone
Prepare the endometrium for implantation

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8
Q

Implantation

A

Blastocyst begin to produce HCG

Rescue corpus luteum in maintaining progesterone production

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9
Q

Follicular or preovulatory ovarian phase

How many Oocytes at birth?

A

2million

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10
Q

Follicular or preovulatory ovarian phase

How many follicles at puberty onset?

A

400,000

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11
Q

Follicular or preovulatory ovarian phase

How many follicles depleted every month

A

1,000 until age 35 then rate accelerates

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12
Q

Follicular or preovulatory ovarian phase

How many follicles are release during reproductive life?

A

400 follicles

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13
Q

Follicular or preovulatory ovarian phase

99.9 % undergo atresia through

A

Apoptosis

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14
Q

Recruitment of primordial follicles

A

Gonadotropin independent

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15
Q

Two members of the transforming growth factor beta family

A

Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9)

Bone morphogenic protein 15 (BMP-15)

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16
Q

Required for further development of large antral follicles

A

FSH

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17
Q

Begins a phase of semi synchronous growth based on their maturation state urging the FSH rise in the late luteal phase

A

Group of antral follicle (cohort)

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18
Q

FSH rise leading to follicle development called

A

Selection window of the ovarian cycle

Selection window - capacity to produce estrogen

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19
Q

Estrogen level rise in parallel to

A

Growth of dominant follicle

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20
Q

FSH induces aromatase and expansion of the

A

Antrum of growing follicles

21
Q

Most responsive to FSH is likely to be the first to produce estradiol and initiate expression of LH receptors.

A

Follicle within the cohort

22
Q

When selection window comes from

Oocyte induced oocyte growth

A

Follicle within the cohort

23
Q

LH stimulates thecal cell production of androgens then transferred to to adjacent follicles and are aromatized to estradiol

A

Late follicular phase

24
Q

Granulosa cells produce inhibin B, then to feedback on the pituitary to inhibit FSH release

A

Early follicular phase

25
Q

Dominant follicle begins to grow.
Estradiol and Inhibition production increase
Decline of follicular to reach preovulatory status

A

Graafian follicle stage

26
Q

95% of plasma estradiol is secreted by the

A

Dominant follicle

27
Q

Ovulation

Onset of gonadotropin surge from increasing estrogen secretion

A

Predictor of ovulation

28
Q

Ovulation

It occurs _______ before ovum release from the follicle

A

34-36hrs

29
Q

Ovulation

LH secretion peaks _______ before ovulation and stimulates resumption of meiosis in the ovum and release of the first polar body.

A

10-12hours

30
Q

Ovulation

Lose contact with one another and move outward from the oocyte along the hyaluronan polymer.

A

Cumulus cells

31
Q

Corpus luteum develops from the dominant or graffian follicle remains in a process referred to as luteinization

A

Luteal or postovulatory ovarian phase

32
Q

Luteal or postovulatory ovarian phase

Basement membrane separating the

A

Granulosa lutein and theca lutein cells

33
Q

Luteal or postovulatory ovarian phase

Blood vessels and capillaries invade the granulosa cell layer

A

Days 2 post ovulation

34
Q

Luteal or postovulatory ovarian phase

In day 2 there’s rapid neovascularazation maybe due to

A

Theca lutein and granulosa lutein cells

35
Q

Luteal or postovulatory ovarian phase

Cells undergo

A

Hypertrophy

Increase hormones

36
Q

Luteal or postovulatory ovarian phase

Corpus luteum

A

Low frequency

High amplitude LH pulses

37
Q

Estrogen

After ovulation, estrogen levels decrease

A

Secondary rise of 0.25 mg/day

173 estradiol at the midluteal phase

38
Q

Estrogen

Secondary decline in estradiol production

A

End of luteal phase

39
Q

Progesterone

Midluteal phase

A

Production peaks at 25-50 mg/day

40
Q

Progesterone

Corpus luteum

A

Continues progesterone production in response o HCG

41
Q

Transient endocrine organ

A

Corpus luteum

42
Q

Corpus luteum

Will regress

A

9-11 days after ovulation in absence of pregnancy

Decrease LH luteal phase

43
Q

Proliferative or pre ovulatory phase

Fluctuation in estrogen and progesterone produce

Epithelial cells

A

Glandular cells

44
Q

Proliferative or pre ovulatory phase

Fluctuation in estrogen and progesterone produce

Stromal

A

Mesenchymal cells

45
Q

Proliferative or pre ovulatory phase

Epithelium is regenerated during each

A

Ovarian endometrial cycle

46
Q

Proliferative or pre ovulatory phase

Shed and generated from the deeper basalis layer almost 400x during the reproductive lifetime.

A

Suferficial endometrium (functionalis layer)

47
Q

Proliferative or pre ovulatory phase

Near the end of the menstrual cycle the coiled arteries constrict, depriving the functionalis layer of its blood supply and leading to

A

Necrosis and sloughing of this layer

48
Q

Proliferative or pre ovulatory phase

Most important factor in endometrial recover

A

Follicular phase estradiol production

49
Q

Spontaneous, cyclical ovulation at ________ day intervals continues during almost ______ years

A

25-35

40

OB (6 decks)

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