Ovarian And Endometrial Cycle Flashcards
How many opportunities of pregnancy
400 opportunities
Day of ovulation and its two preceding days
1200 days
Ability of the mother and the fetus to co exist as two distinct immunological system results from
Endocrine
Paracrine
Immunological medication of fetal and maternal tissues
Menstruation is regulated by
Hypothalamus
Pituitary axis
Ovaries
Genital tract
Average cycle
28days
Range- 25-32 days
Follicular phase
Days 1-14
Increase estrogen
Endometrial thickening
Dominant ovulatory follicle
Lutheal phase
Days 14-21
Corpus luteum produce estrogen and progesterone
Prepare the endometrium for implantation
Implantation
Blastocyst begin to produce HCG
Rescue corpus luteum in maintaining progesterone production
Follicular or preovulatory ovarian phase
How many Oocytes at birth?
2million
Follicular or preovulatory ovarian phase
How many follicles at puberty onset?
400,000
Follicular or preovulatory ovarian phase
How many follicles depleted every month
1,000 until age 35 then rate accelerates
Follicular or preovulatory ovarian phase
How many follicles are release during reproductive life?
400 follicles
Follicular or preovulatory ovarian phase
99.9 % undergo atresia through
Apoptosis
Recruitment of primordial follicles
Gonadotropin independent
Two members of the transforming growth factor beta family
Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9)
Bone morphogenic protein 15 (BMP-15)
Required for further development of large antral follicles
FSH
Begins a phase of semi synchronous growth based on their maturation state urging the FSH rise in the late luteal phase
Group of antral follicle (cohort)
FSH rise leading to follicle development called
Selection window of the ovarian cycle
Selection window - capacity to produce estrogen
Estrogen level rise in parallel to
Growth of dominant follicle
FSH induces aromatase and expansion of the
Antrum of growing follicles
Most responsive to FSH is likely to be the first to produce estradiol and initiate expression of LH receptors.
Follicle within the cohort
When selection window comes from
Oocyte induced oocyte growth
Follicle within the cohort
LH stimulates thecal cell production of androgens then transferred to to adjacent follicles and are aromatized to estradiol
Late follicular phase
Granulosa cells produce inhibin B, then to feedback on the pituitary to inhibit FSH release
Early follicular phase
Dominant follicle begins to grow.
Estradiol and Inhibition production increase
Decline of follicular to reach preovulatory status
Graafian follicle stage
95% of plasma estradiol is secreted by the
Dominant follicle
Ovulation
Onset of gonadotropin surge from increasing estrogen secretion
Predictor of ovulation
Ovulation
It occurs _______ before ovum release from the follicle
34-36hrs
Ovulation
LH secretion peaks _______ before ovulation and stimulates resumption of meiosis in the ovum and release of the first polar body.
10-12hours
Ovulation
Lose contact with one another and move outward from the oocyte along the hyaluronan polymer.
Cumulus cells
Corpus luteum develops from the dominant or graffian follicle remains in a process referred to as luteinization
Luteal or postovulatory ovarian phase
Luteal or postovulatory ovarian phase
Basement membrane separating the
Granulosa lutein and theca lutein cells
Luteal or postovulatory ovarian phase
Blood vessels and capillaries invade the granulosa cell layer
Days 2 post ovulation
Luteal or postovulatory ovarian phase
In day 2 there’s rapid neovascularazation maybe due to
Theca lutein and granulosa lutein cells
Luteal or postovulatory ovarian phase
Cells undergo
Hypertrophy
Increase hormones
Luteal or postovulatory ovarian phase
Corpus luteum
Low frequency
High amplitude LH pulses
Estrogen
After ovulation, estrogen levels decrease
Secondary rise of 0.25 mg/day
173 estradiol at the midluteal phase
Estrogen
Secondary decline in estradiol production
End of luteal phase
Progesterone
Midluteal phase
Production peaks at 25-50 mg/day
Progesterone
Corpus luteum
Continues progesterone production in response o HCG
Transient endocrine organ
Corpus luteum
Corpus luteum
Will regress
9-11 days after ovulation in absence of pregnancy
Decrease LH luteal phase
Proliferative or pre ovulatory phase
Fluctuation in estrogen and progesterone produce
Epithelial cells
Glandular cells
Proliferative or pre ovulatory phase
Fluctuation in estrogen and progesterone produce
Stromal
Mesenchymal cells
Proliferative or pre ovulatory phase
Epithelium is regenerated during each
Ovarian endometrial cycle
Proliferative or pre ovulatory phase
Shed and generated from the deeper basalis layer almost 400x during the reproductive lifetime.
Suferficial endometrium (functionalis layer)
Proliferative or pre ovulatory phase
Near the end of the menstrual cycle the coiled arteries constrict, depriving the functionalis layer of its blood supply and leading to
Necrosis and sloughing of this layer
Proliferative or pre ovulatory phase
Most important factor in endometrial recover
Follicular phase estradiol production
Spontaneous, cyclical ovulation at ________ day intervals continues during almost ______ years
25-35
40
