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Gross III > Part III: Pelvic Viscera pg 96-99 > Flashcards

Part III: Pelvic Viscera pg 96-99 Flashcards

1
Q

muscular tube spanning from kidney to urinary bladder that conveys urine

A

Ureter

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2
Q

How is urine moved through the ureter?

A

Peristalsis

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3
Q

The pelvic part of the ureter begins where?

A

Where is crosses beginning of external iliac Artery

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4
Q

Where does the ureter enter the urinary bladder?

A

The inferior aspect by passing obliquely through inferomedial wall

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5
Q

The ________ section of the ureter is compressed shut as urinary bladder fills to prevent urine reflux

A

Intramural

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6
Q

In females, what is the arterial supply to the pelvic part of the ureter?

A

Uterine A which branches from internal iliac A

NOTE: venous drainage is by veins of the same name

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7
Q

In males, what is the arterial supply to the pelvic part of the ureter?

A

Inferior vesicle A which branches from internal iliac A

NOTE: venous drainage is by veins of the same name

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8
Q

Lymphatic drainage of pelvic part of ureter is to what nodes?

A

Lumbar, common, external and internal iliac nodes

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9
Q

Sympathetic innervation of pelvic part of ureter?

A

T11-L2 via renal, aortic and hypogastric plexuses

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10
Q

Afferent pain fibers from the pelvic part of the ureter follow sympathetics to the corresponding spinal ganglia and spinal cord segments and refer pain to _______ dermatomes

A

T11-L3

Ipsilateral lower quadrant of abdomen and groin

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11
Q

Where is the empty urinary bladder located?

A

In the lesser pelvis posterosuperior to pubic bones

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12
Q

The urinary bladder is separated from the pubic bones by _______

A

Retropubic space

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13
Q

Is the bladder retroperitoneal, intraperitoneal or extraperitoneal?

A

Extraperitoneal

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14
Q

What forms the bladder bed?

A
  • pubic bones
  • obturator internus M
  • levator ani M
  • rectum (in males) or vagina (in females)
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15
Q

The urinary bladder is relatively free in extraperitoneal fat except at its _____.

A

Neck

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16
Q

Where is the urinary bladder located in infants?

A

Abdomen

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17
Q

Where is the urinary bladder located in children by the age of 6

A

Greater pelvis

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18
Q

Where is the urinary bladder located after puberty?

A

Lesser pelvis

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19
Q

The adult urinary bladder expands int the greater pelvis as it fills and way expand to what level?

A

To the level of the umbilicus

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20
Q

The Anterior end of the urinary bladder pointing toward superior edge of pubic symphysis

A

Apex

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21
Q

The central region of the urinary bladder

A

Body

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22
Q

The posterior convex wall of the urinary bladder.

A

Fund us

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23
Q

The narrowed inferior outflow region of the urinary bladder

A

Neck

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24
Q

The fundus of the urinary bladder is related to _____ in males?

A

Rectum

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25
Q

The fundus of the urinary bladder is related to _____ in females?

A

Vagina

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26
Q

The Irregular smooth muscle comprising most of urinary bladder wall

A

Detrusor M

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27
Q

The detrusor muscle thickens at the neck of the urinary bladder to form the involuntary _________.

A

Internal urethral sphincter

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28
Q

What is the function of the internal urethral sphincter?

A

Prevents urine from entering urethra

In males: prevents retrograde ejaculate from entering urinary bladder

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29
Q

The 2 ureter openings entering inferiomedially and 1 internal urethral opening exiting inferiorly forms what landmark in the urinary bladder?

A

Trigone

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30
Q

The rounded eminence in the middle of the trigone of the urinary bladder?

A

Uvula

NOTE: more prominent in men

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31
Q

Hypertrophy of what part of the bladder may lead to urinary obstructive problems?

A

Uvula

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32
Q

The peritoneal space in males between the urinary bladder and rectum

A

Rectovesical pouch

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33
Q

The peritoneal space in females between the urinary bladder and uterus

A

Vesicouterine pouch

34
Q

The peritoneal space in females between the uterus and rectum

A

Rectouterine pouch

35
Q

What is the arterial supply to the anterosuperior region of the urinary bladder?

A

Superior vesical A

36
Q

In males only, what is the arterial supply for the fundus and neck of the urinary bladder?

A

Inferior vesical A

37
Q

In females only, what is the arterial supply for the fundus and neck of the urinary bladder?

38
Q

What is the venous drainage of the urinary bladder in males?

A

Vesical venous plexus combines with prostatic venous plexus and receives blood from urinary bladder, prostate, seminal vesicles, ductus deferens, inferior portions of ureters and deep dorsal vein of penis, then drains to the internal iliac V

39
Q

What is the venous drainage of the urinary bladder in females?

A

Vesical venous plexus combines with uterovaginal venous plexus and receives blood from bladder, pelvic part of urethra and dorsal vein of clitoris, then drains to internal iliac V.

40
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the superior part of the urinary bladder?

A

External iliac lymph nodes

41
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the inferior part of the urinary bladder?

A

Internal iliac lymph nodes

42
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the urinary bladder is via what?

A

S2-S4 Pelvic Splanchnic N via inferior hypogastric plexus

43
Q

What is the function of parasympathetic innervation to the urinary bladder?

A

Motor to the detrusor M and inhibitory for internal urethral sphincter which stimulates urine to exit urinary bladder

44
Q

Urinary flow is aided by contraction of ______ and _______.

A

diaphragm and abdominal muscles

45
Q

Sympathetic innervation of the urinary bladder is via what?

A

T11-L2 splanchnic nerves through both hypogastric plexuses

46
Q

The function of sympathetic innervation to the urinary bladder?

A

Results in contraction of internal urethral sphincter in concert with ejaculation to prevent urine mixing with ejactulate

47
Q

Visceral afferents from the superior surface of the urinary bladder follow what?

A

Sympathetics retrograde to T11-L2

48
Q

Visceral afferents from the inferior surface of the urinary bladder follow what?

A

Parasympathetics retrograde to S2-S4

49
Q

Where is the female urethra located?

A

Anterior and parallel to the vagina

50
Q

The female urethra conveys urine from the ______ of urinary bladder, through _______, and to the _______ in the vestibule of the vagina

A
  • internal urethral sphincter
  • external urethral sphincter
  • external urethral orifice
51
Q

What surrounds the middle third of the urethra in females?

A

External urethral sphincter

52
Q

What is the vascular supply to female urethra?

A

Internal pudendal AV and vaginal AV which are connected to internal iliac AV

53
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the female urethra

A

To internal iliac and sacral lymph nodes

54
Q

Autonomic innervation to the female urethra is carried in what nerve?

A

Pudendal N

55
Q

The male urethra conveys urine from ________ to _______.

A

Internal urethral orifice to external urethral orifice it the tip of the glans penis

56
Q

What is the vertical section of the male urethra extending through neck of urinary bladder?

A

Intramural urethra

57
Q

The male intramural urethra is surrounded by what?

A

Internal urethral sphincter which receives autonomic innervation

58
Q

What is the wide, dilatable section of the male urethra passing through anterior prostate?

A

Prostatic urethra

59
Q

The median longitudinal ridge on inside posterior wall of the prostatic urethra?

A

Urethral crest

60
Q

The urethral crest is continuous with ______ at trigone of bladder

61
Q

The bilateral grooves on either side of urethral crest in the prostatic urethra

A

Prostatic sinus

62
Q

Where do prostatic ductules open?

A

Into the prostatic sinus

63
Q

What is the rounded prominence in the middle of the urethral crest in the prostatic urethra?

A

Seminal colliculus

64
Q

The small cul-de-sac entered via slit opening on seminal colliculus?

A

Prostatic utricle

65
Q

In males, what is the vestigial remnants of what become uterus and vagina in females?

A

Prostatic utricle

66
Q

Where do the ejaculatory ducts open?

A

In or near opening of the prostatic utricle on seminal colliculus of prostatic urethra

67
Q

The narrowest and least distensible part of the male urethra

A

Membranous urethra

68
Q

Where are the bulbourethral glands located in relation to the membranous urethra?

A

Just posterior to it

69
Q

The intramural urethra is surrounded by _______.

A

Internal urethral sphincter

70
Q

The membranous urethra is surrounded by ________.

A

External urethral sphincter

71
Q

The internal urethral sphincter in the male urethra is under _______ (autonomic/somatic) control?

72
Q

The external urethral sphincter in the male urethra is under _______ (autonomic/somatic) control?

73
Q

The section of the male urethra that extend from the perineal membrane to external urethral orifice on glans of penis?

A

Spongy urethra

74
Q

The spongy urethra passes through ________.

A

Bulb and corpus spongiosum of penis

75
Q

The spongy urethra has a consistent diameter throughout its length except for 2 expanded areas:

A
  • intrabulbar fossa in the bulb of the penis

- navicular fossa in the glans of the penis

76
Q

The proximal portion of the spongy urethra receives ducts from ______.

A

Bulbourethral glands

77
Q

Vascular supply to the intramural and prostatic urethra (proximal 2 parts) is via:

A

Branches of Inferior vesical AV

78
Q

Vascular supply to the membranous and spongy urethra (2 distal parts) is via:

A

Branches of internal pudendal AV

79
Q

Efferent lymphatic drainage of male urethra is to:

A

Internal iliac lymph nodes

80
Q

Autonomic innervation of the male urethra is from:

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus via prostatic plexus

81
Q

section of the urethra that is passing through Deep Perineal Pouch and Perineal Membrane

A

Membranous urethra

Gross III (20 decks)

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