Part III: Pelvic Viscera pg 96-99

Question 1

muscular tube spanning from kidney to urinary bladder that conveys urine

Answer 1

Ureter

Question 2

How is urine moved through the ureter?

Answer 2

Peristalsis

Question 3

The pelvic part of the ureter begins where?

Answer 3

Where is crosses beginning of external iliac Artery

Question 4

Where does the ureter enter the urinary bladder?

Answer 4

The inferior aspect by passing obliquely through inferomedial wall

Question 5

The ________ section of the ureter is compressed shut as urinary bladder fills to prevent urine reflux

Answer 5

Intramural

Question 6

In females, what is the arterial supply to the pelvic part of the ureter?

Answer 6

Uterine A which branches from internal iliac A

NOTE: venous drainage is by veins of the same name

Question 7

In males, what is the arterial supply to the pelvic part of the ureter?

Answer 7

Inferior vesicle A which branches from internal iliac A

NOTE: venous drainage is by veins of the same name

Question 8

Lymphatic drainage of pelvic part of ureter is to what nodes?

Answer 8

Lumbar, common, external and internal iliac nodes

Question 9

Sympathetic innervation of pelvic part of ureter?

Answer 9

T11-L2 via renal, aortic and hypogastric plexuses

Question 10

Afferent pain fibers from the pelvic part of the ureter follow sympathetics to the corresponding spinal ganglia and spinal cord segments and refer pain to _______ dermatomes

Answer 10

T11-L3

Ipsilateral lower quadrant of abdomen and groin

Question 11

Where is the empty urinary bladder located?

Answer 11

In the lesser pelvis posterosuperior to pubic bones

Question 12

The urinary bladder is separated from the pubic bones by _______

Answer 12

Retropubic space

Question 13

Is the bladder retroperitoneal, intraperitoneal or extraperitoneal?

Answer 13

Extraperitoneal

Question 14

What forms the bladder bed?

Answer 14

• pubic bones
• obturator internus M
• levator ani M
• rectum (in males) or vagina (in females)

Question 15

The urinary bladder is relatively free in extraperitoneal fat except at its _____.

Answer 15

Neck

Question 16

Where is the urinary bladder located in infants?

Answer 16

Abdomen

Question 17

Where is the urinary bladder located in children by the age of 6

Answer 17

Greater pelvis

Question 18

Where is the urinary bladder located after puberty?

Answer 18

Lesser pelvis

Question 19

The adult urinary bladder expands int the greater pelvis as it fills and way expand to what level?

Answer 19

To the level of the umbilicus

Question 20

The Anterior end of the urinary bladder pointing toward superior edge of pubic symphysis

Answer 20

Apex

Question 21

The central region of the urinary bladder

Answer 21

Body

Question 22

The posterior convex wall of the urinary bladder.

Answer 22

Fund us

Question 23

The narrowed inferior outflow region of the urinary bladder

Answer 23

Neck

Question 24

The fundus of the urinary bladder is related to _____ in males?

Answer 24

Rectum

Question 25

The fundus of the urinary bladder is related to _____ in females?

Answer 25

Vagina

Question 26

The Irregular smooth muscle comprising most of urinary bladder wall

Answer 26

Detrusor M

Question 27

The detrusor muscle thickens at the neck of the urinary bladder to form the involuntary _________.

Answer 27

Internal urethral sphincter

Question 28

What is the function of the internal urethral sphincter?

Answer 28

Prevents urine from entering urethra In males: prevents retrograde ejaculate from entering urinary bladder

Question 29

The 2 ureter openings entering inferiomedially and 1 internal urethral opening exiting inferiorly forms what landmark in the urinary bladder?

Answer 29

Trigone

Question 30

The rounded eminence in the middle of the trigone of the urinary bladder?

Answer 30

Uvula NOTE: more prominent in men

Question 31

Hypertrophy of what part of the bladder may lead to urinary obstructive problems?

Answer 31

Uvula

Question 32

The peritoneal space in males between the urinary bladder and rectum

Answer 32

Rectovesical pouch

Question 33

The peritoneal space in females between the urinary bladder and uterus

Answer 33

Vesicouterine pouch

Question 34

The peritoneal space in females between the uterus and rectum

Answer 34

Rectouterine pouch

Question 35

What is the arterial supply to the anterosuperior region of the urinary bladder?

Answer 35

Superior vesical A

Question 36

In males only, what is the arterial supply for the fundus and neck of the urinary bladder?

Answer 36

Inferior vesical A

Question 37

In females only, what is the arterial supply for the fundus and neck of the urinary bladder?

Answer 37

Vaginal A

Question 38

What is the venous drainage of the urinary bladder in males?

Answer 38

Vesical venous plexus combines with prostatic venous plexus and receives blood from urinary bladder, prostate, seminal vesicles, ductus deferens, inferior portions of ureters and deep dorsal vein of penis, then drains to the internal iliac V

Question 39

What is the venous drainage of the urinary bladder in females?

Answer 39

Vesical venous plexus combines with uterovaginal venous plexus and receives blood from bladder, pelvic part of urethra and dorsal vein of clitoris, then drains to internal iliac V.

Question 40

What is the lymphatic drainage of the superior part of the urinary bladder?

Answer 40

External iliac lymph nodes

Question 41

What is the lymphatic drainage of the inferior part of the urinary bladder?

Answer 41

Internal iliac lymph nodes

Question 42

Parasympathetic innervation of the urinary bladder is via what?

Answer 42

S2-S4 Pelvic Splanchnic N via inferior hypogastric plexus

Question 43

What is the function of parasympathetic innervation to the urinary bladder?

Answer 43

Motor to the detrusor M and inhibitory for internal urethral sphincter which stimulates urine to exit urinary bladder

Question 44

Urinary flow is aided by contraction of ______ and _______.

Answer 44

diaphragm and abdominal muscles

Question 45

Sympathetic innervation of the urinary bladder is via what?

Answer 45

T11-L2 splanchnic nerves through both hypogastric plexuses

Question 46

The function of sympathetic innervation to the urinary bladder?

Answer 46

Results in contraction of internal urethral sphincter in concert with ejaculation to prevent urine mixing with ejactulate

Question 47

Visceral afferents from the superior surface of the urinary bladder follow what?

Answer 47

Sympathetics retrograde to T11-L2

Question 48

Visceral afferents from the inferior surface of the urinary bladder follow what?

Answer 48

Parasympathetics retrograde to S2-S4

Question 49

Where is the female urethra located?

Answer 49

Anterior and parallel to the vagina

Question 50

The female urethra conveys urine from the ______ of urinary bladder, through _______, and to the _______ in the vestibule of the vagina

Answer 50

- internal urethral sphincter - external urethral sphincter - external urethral orifice

Question 51

What surrounds the middle third of the urethra in females?

Answer 51

External urethral sphincter

Question 52

What is the vascular supply to female urethra?

Answer 52

Internal pudendal AV and vaginal AV which are connected to internal iliac AV

Question 53

What is the lymphatic drainage of the female urethra

Answer 53

To internal iliac and sacral lymph nodes

Question 54

Autonomic innervation to the female urethra is carried in what nerve?

Answer 54

Pudendal N

Question 55

The male urethra conveys urine from ________ to _______.

Answer 55

Internal urethral orifice to external urethral orifice it the tip of the glans penis

Question 56

What is the vertical section of the male urethra extending through neck of urinary bladder?

Answer 56

Intramural urethra

Question 57

The male intramural urethra is surrounded by what?

Answer 57

Internal urethral sphincter which receives autonomic innervation

Question 58

What is the wide, dilatable section of the male urethra passing through anterior prostate?

Answer 58

Prostatic urethra

Question 59

The median longitudinal ridge on inside posterior wall of the prostatic urethra?

Answer 59

Urethral crest

Question 60

The urethral crest is continuous with ______ at trigone of bladder

Answer 60

Uvula

Question 61

The bilateral grooves on either side of urethral crest in the prostatic urethra

Answer 61

Prostatic sinus

Question 62

Where do prostatic ductules open?

Answer 62

Into the prostatic sinus

Question 63

What is the rounded prominence in the middle of the urethral crest in the prostatic urethra?

Answer 63

Seminal colliculus

Question 64

The small cul-de-sac entered via slit opening on seminal colliculus?

Answer 64

Prostatic utricle

Question 65

In males, what is the vestigial remnants of what become uterus and vagina in females?

Answer 65

Prostatic utricle

Question 66

Where do the ejaculatory ducts open?

Answer 66

In or near opening of the prostatic utricle on seminal colliculus of prostatic urethra

Question 67

The narrowest and least distensible part of the male urethra

Answer 67

Membranous urethra

Question 68

Where are the bulbourethral glands located in relation to the membranous urethra?

Answer 68

Just posterior to it

Question 69

The intramural urethra is surrounded by _______.

Answer 69

Internal urethral sphincter

Question 70

The membranous urethra is surrounded by ________.

Answer 70

External urethral sphincter

Question 71

The internal urethral sphincter in the male urethra is under _______ (autonomic/somatic) control?

Answer 71

Autonomic

Question 72

The external urethral sphincter in the male urethra is under _______ (autonomic/somatic) control?

Answer 72

Somatic

Question 73

The section of the male urethra that extend from the perineal membrane to external urethral orifice on glans of penis?

Answer 73

Spongy urethra

Question 74

The spongy urethra passes through ________.

Answer 74

Bulb and corpus spongiosum of penis

Question 75

The spongy urethra has a consistent diameter throughout its length except for 2 expanded areas:

Answer 75

- intrabulbar fossa in the bulb of the penis | - navicular fossa in the glans of the penis

Question 76

The proximal portion of the spongy urethra receives ducts from ______.

Answer 76

Bulbourethral glands

Question 77

Vascular supply to the intramural and prostatic urethra (proximal 2 parts) is via:

Answer 77

Branches of Inferior vesical AV

Question 78

Vascular supply to the membranous and spongy urethra (2 distal parts) is via:

Answer 78

Branches of internal pudendal AV

Question 79

Efferent lymphatic drainage of male urethra is to:

Answer 79

Internal iliac lymph nodes

Question 80

Autonomic innervation of the male urethra is from:

Answer 80

Inferior hypogastric plexus via prostatic plexus

Question 81

section of the urethra that is passing through Deep Perineal Pouch and Perineal Membrane

Answer 81

Membranous urethra