Part I. Clinical Flashcards
What are supernumerary ribs?
Cervical ribs
Lumbar ribs
Supernumerary cervical ribs can cause or worsen this condition:
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
- Compress nerves, arteries
Rib fractures typically happen at this location:
Anterior to costal angle
What possible clinical correlation could there be if someone has pain during respiration, coughing, laughing, sneezing, etc
Rib fractures
When might flail chest happen?
Multiple rib fractures of same rib
Where does rib dislocation happen?
Sternocostal joint
Where does rib separation happen?
costochondral joint
Rib dislocation can also involve:
Anterior intercostal AV and/or intercostal N
What might rib separation involve?
Tearing of perichondrium/periosteum
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Possible due to resiliency/compressibility of design in thoracic cage
External compression facilitates blood flow while heart is non functioning
What is the most common type of breast cancer?
Adenocarcinomas of epithelium of the mammary gland ducts
Physical signs of adenocarcinomas of epithelium of the mammary gland ducts
Skin dimpling
Orange peel appearance - little bumps
Changes to nipple - pulled in, or deviation
Abnormal contours
What is air in pleural cavity?
Pneumothorax
What is fluid in pleural cavity?
Hydrothroax
What is blood in pleural cavity?
Hemothorax
What is needed between visceral and parietal pleura to keep lung inflated?
Surface tension
What breaks the surface tension of the thoracic wall?
Penetrating wounds
Elastic recoil will cause the lung to expel air and _____
Collapse. Unable to re-inflate
Where is the best place to do a thoracocentesis?
Center of intercostal space to avoid intercostal VAN
What is a chest tube used for?
Withdraw large amounts of fluid/air to re-inflate lung
What is pleuritis?
Inflammation of pleura
If there is pleuritis in the mediastinal or central diaphragmatic pleura, the pain may refer to this area:
C3-C5 dermatologist, root of neck or over shoulder
Pericarditis is what?
Inflammation of pericardium
Excessive pericardial effusion may result in:
Cardiac tamponade, or compression of the heart that impairs cardiac function
What is it called when blood accumulates in pericardial sac?
Hemopericardium
Hemopericardium is when blood accumulates in pericardial sac and could cause veins in neck to become engorged because:
SVC is compressed
What procedure drains pericardial fluid and relives pressure?
Pericardiocentesis
What level is pericardiocentesis applied?
Needle inserted through left 5th or 6th intercostal space near sternum
What is cardiac tamponade?
Excessive pericardial effusion - basically the pericardium gets filled up with blood
What is the name for a leaky valve?
Valvular Heart Disease
What is Valvular Heart Disease called when there is a failure of valve (most commonly Mitral valve) to close fully?
Insufficiency - Systolic Murmur
What is Valvular Heart Disease called when the valve pushes back into the atrium?
Prolapse - causes mid-systolic click
What is the Valvular Heart Disease that is a failure of the valve to open fully (most commonly Aortic semilunar valve)?
Aortic Stenosis - usually calcification on valve
Which Valvular Heart Disease results in leaky valve?
Insufficiency and Prolapse
