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Gross III > Part I. Clinical > Flashcards

Part I. Clinical Flashcards

1
Q

What are supernumerary ribs?

A

Cervical ribs

Lumbar ribs

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2
Q

Supernumerary cervical ribs can cause or worsen this condition:

A

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

- Compress nerves, arteries

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3
Q

Rib fractures typically happen at this location:

A

Anterior to costal angle

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4
Q

What possible clinical correlation could there be if someone has pain during respiration, coughing, laughing, sneezing, etc

A

Rib fractures

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5
Q

When might flail chest happen?

A

Multiple rib fractures of same rib

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6
Q

Where does rib dislocation happen?

A

Sternocostal joint

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7
Q

Where does rib separation happen?

A

costochondral joint

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8
Q

Rib dislocation can also involve:

A

Anterior intercostal AV and/or intercostal N

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9
Q

What might rib separation involve?

A

Tearing of perichondrium/periosteum

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10
Q

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

A

Possible due to resiliency/compressibility of design in thoracic cage

External compression facilitates blood flow while heart is non functioning

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11
Q

What is the most common type of breast cancer?

A

Adenocarcinomas of epithelium of the mammary gland ducts

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12
Q

Physical signs of adenocarcinomas of epithelium of the mammary gland ducts

A

Skin dimpling
Orange peel appearance - little bumps
Changes to nipple - pulled in, or deviation
Abnormal contours

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13
Q

What is air in pleural cavity?

A

Pneumothorax

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14
Q

What is fluid in pleural cavity?

A

Hydrothroax

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15
Q

What is blood in pleural cavity?

A

Hemothorax

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16
Q

What is needed between visceral and parietal pleura to keep lung inflated?

A

Surface tension

17
Q

What breaks the surface tension of the thoracic wall?

A

Penetrating wounds

18
Q

Elastic recoil will cause the lung to expel air and _____

A

Collapse. Unable to re-inflate

19
Q

Where is the best place to do a thoracocentesis?

A

Center of intercostal space to avoid intercostal VAN

20
Q

What is a chest tube used for?

A

Withdraw large amounts of fluid/air to re-inflate lung

21
Q

What is pleuritis?

A

Inflammation of pleura

22
Q

If there is pleuritis in the mediastinal or central diaphragmatic pleura, the pain may refer to this area:

A

C3-C5 dermatologist, root of neck or over shoulder

23
Q

Pericarditis is what?

A

Inflammation of pericardium

24
Q

Excessive pericardial effusion may result in:

A

Cardiac tamponade, or compression of the heart that impairs cardiac function

25
Q

What is it called when blood accumulates in pericardial sac?

A

Hemopericardium

26
Q

Hemopericardium is when blood accumulates in pericardial sac and could cause veins in neck to become engorged because:

A

SVC is compressed

27
Q

What procedure drains pericardial fluid and relives pressure?

A

Pericardiocentesis

28
Q

What level is pericardiocentesis applied?

A

Needle inserted through left 5th or 6th intercostal space near sternum

29
Q

What is cardiac tamponade?

A

Excessive pericardial effusion - basically the pericardium gets filled up with blood

30
Q

What is the name for a leaky valve?

A

Valvular Heart Disease

31
Q

What is Valvular Heart Disease called when there is a failure of valve (most commonly Mitral valve) to close fully?

A

Insufficiency - Systolic Murmur

32
Q

What is Valvular Heart Disease called when the valve pushes back into the atrium?

A

Prolapse - causes mid-systolic click

33
Q

What is the Valvular Heart Disease that is a failure of the valve to open fully (most commonly Aortic semilunar valve)?

A

Aortic Stenosis - usually calcification on valve

34
Q

Which Valvular Heart Disease results in leaky valve?

A

Insufficiency and Prolapse

Gross III (20 decks)

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