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Gross III > Part I. The Heart > Flashcards

Part I. The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Poorly oxygenated blood returns to:

A

Right Atrium

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2
Q

Well oxygenated blood returns to:

A

Left Atrium

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3
Q

What makes the LUB sound?

A

AV valves closing (tricuspid and bicuspid/mitral)

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4
Q

What is the force that slams the AtrioVentricular valves shut?

A

Ventricular contraction

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5
Q

Right border of heart?

A

Right Atrium between SVC and IVC

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6
Q

Inferior border of heart?

A

Right Ventricle (partly L Ventricle)

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7
Q

Left border of heart?

A

Left ventricle (partly L auricle)

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8
Q

Superior border of heart?

A

R/L Atria and their auricles

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9
Q

What is the smooth posterior part of the atrial wall?

A

Sinus venarum

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10
Q

What is the remnant of the sinus venosus which merged with embryonic atrium?

A

Sinus venarum

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11
Q

What is the purpose of the auricles (atrial appendages)?

A

It’s a muscular space that allows more blood to be in the atrium. Ie when exercising

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12
Q

What is the rough muscular surface in the Right atrium and Right and Left auricles?

A

Pectinate muscles

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13
Q

What is the ridge of tissue separating anterior and posterior area of the right atrium?

A

Crista terminalis

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14
Q

What is the shallow groove on the external heart that corresponds to the crista terminalis on the inside of the heart?

A

Sulcus terminalis

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15
Q

What is the depression inside the right atrium that is found on the interatrial septum?

A

Fossa ovalis

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16
Q

The fossa ovalis is a remnant of the fetal:

A

Foramen ovale

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17
Q

What is it called when the foramen ovale stays open (instead of shutting and turning into the fossa ovalis)?

A

Heart murmur

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18
Q

What valve is involved in fetal circulation to direct blood to foramen ovale?

A

IVC Valve

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19
Q

What are the cords attached to tricuspid valve cusps?

A

Chordate tendinae

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20
Q

In the right ventricle, the cordae tendinae attach from the cusps to:

A

Papillary muscles

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21
Q

What is the function of the chordate tendinae?

A

Prevent version of valve cusps during ventricular contraction (systole)

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22
Q

What is ventricular contraction?

A

Systole

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23
Q

What is the smooth muscle on the wall of the heart near the pulmonary valve called?

A

Conus Arteriosus (similar to Aortic Vestibule of L. Ventricle)

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24
Q

What is the crest that separates conus arteriosus from trabeculae carnae?

A

Supraventricular crest

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25
What does the supraventricular crest function to do?
Separate in-flowing blood from out-flowing blood
26
What contracts first, papillary muscles or ventricles?
Papillary muscles
27
What is the other name for the moderator band?
Septomarginal trabecula
28
What extends from the interventricular septum to the base of anterior papillary muscle?
Moderator band / septamarginal trabecula
29
What contains the right bundle branch fo the AV bundle?
Moderator band
30
The interventricular septum is comprised of 2 parts named:
Muscular IVS and membranous IVS
31
What is the part of the interventricular system (IVS) that acts as an insulator to keep the electrical current from the atrium from getting into the ventricles?
Membranous IVS (the thinner, superior, smaller part of the IVS)
32
For the conduction system of the heart, what divides the atrium from the ventricles?
The membranous IVS and the skeletal system of the heart
33
What causes the pulmonary valve to close?
Back pressure
34
Semilunar cusps (pulmonary and aortic valves) and the back pressure of blood in the ventricles means the closing of the valve is (passive/active)
Passive
35
Where is pectinate muscle located in the heart?
ONLY Right atrium and both auricles (R/L appendages)
36
Which ventricle is thicker?
Left ventricle
37
Why is the left ventricle bigger?
Because it is responsible for pumping blood around the whole body
38
What is the smooth cone shaped outflow area located in the left ventricle?
Aortic Vestibule (similar to Conus Arteriosus of R. Ventricle)
39
The aortic vestibule leads to what valve?
Aortic semilunar valve
40
Where is the aortic semilunar valve?
At base of ascending aorta
41
What is the purpose of the skeleton of the heart?
Support heart valves and serve as anchor point for cardiac muscle bundles.
42
Without fibrous skeleton of the heart, what would happen?
Heart would have a shorter lifespan
43
What is the thickening between the aortic semilunar and AV rings?
Fibrous trigone
44
Where does the membranous interventricular septum (the part that got thin) and cardiac mm. attach?
Fibrous trigone
45
What acts as an electrical insulator?
The skeleton of the heart that divides atria mm from ventricle mm
46
Atrial muscles attach to the ______ part of the skeleton while the ventricular muscles attaché to the _____ part of the skeleton of the heart
Upper; Lower
47
What layer of the heart is supplied by luminal diffusion or microvasculature?
Endocardium
48
What layers of the heart are supplied by coronary arteries and cardiac veins?
Myocardium and epicardium
49
What travels in the Coronary / AV Sulcus?
Right Coronary Artery
50
What branch of the Right Coronary Artery is the pacemaker of the heart?
SA (sinuatrial) Node branch
51
What are the 4 branches off the R Coronary A that we name?
Sinuatrial Nodal A R Marginal A Atrioventricular Nodal A Posterior Interventricular A (if R dominant heart)
52
What is the junction of interatrial, AV and Interventricular grooves?
Crux of the heart (cross of the heart)
53
Where does the AV Nodal A come from?
Crux of the heart (if the AV Nodal A is there)
54
The Posterior L Ventricular Artery is a terminal branch of
R Coronary A
55
What are the 2 additional names for the Anterior Interventricular A?
Widow Maker | Left Anterior Descending (LAD) artery
56
The Anterior Interventricular A is supplied by the ___ Coronary A while the Posterior Interventricular A is (usually) supplied by the ___ Coronary A
Left = Anterior; Right = Posterior (67% of the time)
57
Microscopic lymphatic vessels drain myocardium via _______. Larger vessels then follow ______. A single, large lymphatic vessel ascends adjacent to the ______ and ______. Lymph is then filtered through the ______ lymph nodes.
- subepicardial plexus - the coronary sinus - pulmonary trunk and left atrium - tracheobronchial
58
What does the right bundle branch stimulate?
- muscular inter ventricular septum - anterior papillary muscle of R ventricle via moderator band and septomarginal trabeculae - wall of R ventricle
59
What does the left bundle branch stimulate?
- muscular inter ventricular septum - anterior and posterior papillary muscle of L ventricle - wall of L ventricle
60
Presynaptic sympathetic neurons that stimulate the cardiac plexus enter the sympathetic trunk at what levels?
T1-T5
61
Where do sympathetic neurons that stimulate the cardiac plexus synapse in the sympathetic trunk?
cervical and upper thoracic ganglia
62
postsynaptic sympathetic neurons and visceral afferents pass to the cardiac plexus via _______.
cardiac nerves
63
What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation to the heart?
increase HR, increase impulse conduction, increase force of contraction, dilate coronary arteries
64
Where do presynaptic parasympathetic neurons travel to get to the cardiac plexus?
vagus nerve, CN X
65
Presynaptic parasympathetic neurons will synapse on postsynaptic parasympathetic neurons of the cardiac plexus near what?
SA and AV nodes
66
What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation to the heart?
decrease HR, decrease impulse conduction, decrease force of contraction, constrict coronary arteries

Gross III (20 decks)

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