Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

.Pharmacology > Part 9: Immunopharmacology Overview > Flashcards

Part 9: Immunopharmacology Overview Flashcards

1
Q

what is the role of the immune system?

A

protect us from pathogenic mos and other harmful invaders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the 2 branches of the immune system

A

innate and adaptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which immune system is the first line of defense against pathogen?

A

innate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which immune system has non-specific elimination of threats?

A

innate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

which immune system involves inflammation, the complement pathway and pathogen lysis?

A

innate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

which cells are involved in the innate immune response?

A

phagocytes (macrophages, NKC etc.) and mast cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which cells are involved the adaptive immune response?

A

t and b cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which immune system involves the specific recognition of pathogens and foreign substances?

A

adaptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the body’s very first line of defense?

A

skin and mucous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

when tissue barrier is damages, the ___pathways are activated

A

complement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the innate immune system releases what inflammatory mediators?

A

histamines, prostaglandins, leukotrientes etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the function of the innate immune system releasing inflammatory mediators?

A

alerts body that there has been a breach, causing macrophages and other immune cells to come to the site of the breach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the complement pathway acts to compliment the ____

A

immune resposne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the complement pathway?

A

a series of proteins that are activated in a cascade amining to quickly activate an imune response and neutralize pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the 4 main functions of the compliment pathway?

A
  1. chemotoxis (recruiting macrophages and other immune cells)
  2. lysis of micorbe cell membranes
  3. target microbes for phagocytosis (opsonization)
  4. amplify antibody response to pathogen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how do complement proteins cause microbe lysis?

A

attach to the bacteria, causing their membrane to lyse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how do the complement proteins opsonize microbes?

A

bind to them, which flags the microbe for phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are antibodies?

A

proteins made by immune cells to aid in the recognition of foreign particles in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

antibodies can bind to a specific protein sequence called ____

A

an antigen

20
Q

describe the function of macrophages in innate immune function

A

engulf pathogens and break them down in lysosomes and present antigens to adaptive immune system

21
Q

how do macrophages recognize pathogens?

A

based on general features (LPS etc.) and due to opsonization by complement proteins, but its not specific and they do not have memory

22
Q

an antigen presenting cell tells T cells what to ____ and B cells what to ___

A

target; remember

23
Q

___- cells are the primary mediators of the cell-mediated immune responses

A

T

24
Q

what activates helper T cells?

A

connection with an antigen presenting cell

25
Q

how do helper T cells alert other T cells of an infection?

A

by secreting cytokines

26
Q

what are 3 types of T cells?

A

helper, natural killer, and cytotoxic

27
Q

the cytokines released by helper T cells also increase the activity of ____

A

macrophages

28
Q

helper T cells also communicate with B cells to facilitate the production of ___ cells

A

memory

29
Q

how are memory cells made?

A

once alerted of the antigen by helper T cells, B cells will make antibodies against it so they can be used to fight the infection in the future

30
Q

antibodies are also called ____

A

immunoglobulins

31
Q

what types of cytokines do helper T cells produce?

A

IL 1 and IL2 etc

32
Q

antibodies have very specific binding regions that recognize a small portion of the ____ on an antigen

A

peptide sequence

33
Q

the specific peptide sequence of antigens that bind to antibodies is called the ___

A

epitope

34
Q

where can antibodies be found?

A

on the surface of B cells or circulating in plasma

35
Q

how do vaccines work?

A

intentionally injected with antigens so our body will build antibodies against it

36
Q

what is the role of immune cells producing antibodies to our own cellular proteins?

A

allows them to know of something has gone wrong with a cell and if it needs to be destroyed

37
Q

which cells are responsible for “Humoral immunity”?

A

B cells

38
Q

what happens in an autoimmune disorder?

A

immune system recognizes self-antigens as foreign and attacks healthy cells

39
Q

what is Grave’s disease?

A

autoimmune disease (hyperthyroidism)

40
Q

what causes Grave’s disease?

A

immune system produces antibodies that stimulate the production and secretion of thyroid hormones

41
Q

what is psoriasis?

A

autoimmune disorder that causes high proliferation of skin cells, resulting in additional layersand plaques

42
Q

what type of allergic reaction is the most common?

A

type 1 hypersensitivity reaction

43
Q

type 1 hypersensitivity reaction involves ____ antibodies

A

IgE

44
Q

type 1 hypersensitivity reactions cause the release of inflammatory mediators from ___ cells

A

mast

45
Q

igE antibodies bind to antigens on ____ cells

A

mast

.Pharmacology (55 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions