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.Pharmacology > Chapter 22: Cannabinoids > Flashcards

Chapter 22: Cannabinoids Flashcards

1
Q

cannabis sativa is an ____ herb

A

annual

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2
Q

cannabis sativa is sexually dimorphic, meaning

A

has both female and make sex organs

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3
Q

when was cannabis legalized in Canada?

A

October 18, 2018

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4
Q

the effects of cannabis are largely caused by ____ found in the plant

A

cannabinoids

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5
Q

in cannabis, the cannabinoids are concentrated in the ___ part of the female plant

A

flowering head

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6
Q

t/f the trichomes of the flowering heads contain the cannabinoids

A

t

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7
Q

what chemical in cannabis gives its distinct smell?

A

terpenes

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8
Q

cannabis produces a complex mix of around ___(#) bioactive molecules

A

600

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9
Q

what are some of the effects of cannabis in humans?

A

psychoactivty, pain relief, antinausea, anti plasticity

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10
Q

what are the 2 most important cannabinoids in cannabis?

A

THC and CBD

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11
Q

which cannabinoid is not psychoactive?

A

CBD

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12
Q

___ is the 2nd most important cannabinoid

A

CBD

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13
Q

___ is the main active ingredient in drug forms of cannabis

A

THC

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14
Q

which cannabinoid produces many of the psychoactive effects of cannabis?

A

THC

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15
Q

which cannabinoid is present in hemp, medicinal strains?

A

CBD

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16
Q

which cannabinoid has anti-inflammatory and anti-seizure activity??

A

CBD

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17
Q

which cannabinoid has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects?

A

THC

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18
Q

what strain of cannabis has more THC, marijuana or industrial hemp?

A

marijuana

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19
Q

what are the 3 major methods of administering cannabis?

A

pulmonary, oral, topical

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20
Q

what are the effects of taking cannabis by the pulmonary route?

A

avoids 1st pass metabolism, rapid onset absorbed across the lungs for short duration w/ systemic and CNS effects

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21
Q

what are the effects of taking cannabis by the oral route?

A

subject to 1st pass metabolism, variable bioavailability, delayed onset and longer action with systemic and CNS effects

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22
Q

what are the effects of taking cannabis by the topical route?

A

limited penetrance and systemic exposure, has local peripheral actions

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23
Q

what effect does cannabis have on mood

A

affects anxiety

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24
Q

what effect does cannabis have on posture?

A

affects coordination of movement

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25
Q

what are the acute effects of cannabis on CNS function?

A
  1. effects mood
  2. effects posture
  3. alters sensory perception
  4. changes in alertness
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26
Q

what are the acute effects of cannabis on non-CNS function?

A
  1. increased appetiete
  2. affects bP
  3. analgesi
  4. anti-nausea
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27
Q

what are cannabinoids?

A

diverse array of cannabis-like molecules

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28
Q

what are the 3 families of cannabinoids?

A
  1. phytocannabinoids
  2. endocannabinoids
  3. synthetic cannabinoids
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29
Q

what are phytocannabinoids?

A

cannabinoids found in the cannabis plant

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30
Q

what are endocannabinois?

A

naturally occurring cannabinoids found in the human brain and organs

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31
Q

what are synthetic cannabinoids?

A

made by chemists to mimic the actions of plant cannabinoids or influence the body’s concentrations of endocannabinoids

32
Q

THC was isolated in ___(year) by ____

A

1964; Raphael

33
Q

in in 1988 Allyn Howlet demonstrated that THC effects in cells that seem to be consistent with ___

A

activation of a receptor

34
Q

what are the 3 hallmarks of receptor activation that are observed in cannabis use?

A
  1. activation of intracellular signalling cascades
  2. temperature sensitive
  3. saturable
35
Q

THC is an agonist at 2 GPCRs, ___ and ___

A

CB1 and CB2

36
Q

CB1 is highly expressed in what tissues?

A

brain and body

37
Q

CB2 are found in the ___ cells and have ___ presence in the CNS under non-path conditions

A

immune; low

38
Q

what is anandamide?

A

an endogenous cannabinoids known as “bliss” that mimics THC

39
Q

what is 2-arachidonoylglycerol?

A

endogenous cannabinoid that is a conjugate of arachidonic acid and glycerol

40
Q

anandamide binds to CB__ receptors

A

1

41
Q

2-arachidonoylglycerol binds to CB___ receptors

A

1 & 2

42
Q

which endogenous cannabinoid is found at much higher levels in the CNS?

A

2-arachidonoylglycerol

43
Q

endocanabinoids (eCB) are produced by cellular ___

A

depolarization

44
Q

retrograde release of eCBs from the postsynaptic neuron activates ___

A

presynaptic cannabiniod receptors

45
Q

eCB signalling is terminated by metabolism by what enzymes?

A

MGL and FAAH

46
Q

NT release is inhibited by activating ___ channels and closing ___ channels

A

K; Ca

47
Q

CB___ regulates NT release

A

1

48
Q

cannabinoids can suppress the release of ___ at the synapse

A

NT

49
Q

CB1 is almost entirely expressed on ___

A

axon terminals

50
Q

the CB1 receptor is one of the most densely expressed receptor in the ___

A

brain

51
Q

high expression of CB1 is found in CNS areas involved in:

A

reward, mood, anxiety, memory, cognition, posture/movement, autonomic function, stress hormones, BP

52
Q

the CB2 has high expression in the ___ and ___ and low expression in the ___

A

spleen and immune cells; brain

53
Q

CB2 expression is up-regulated by ___ and ___

A

injury and cellular degeneration

54
Q

activation of CB2 reduces the release of ___ in the periphery and brain

A

cellular inflammatory mediators

55
Q

t/f there is no evidence that the CB2 receptor activation mimics THC psychoactivity

A

t

56
Q

t/f the endocannabinoid system is one of the most important systems in neurotransmission, pain, and immunity

A

t

57
Q

genetic variants in the endocannabinoid system genes have been identified in patients with a range of ___ disorders and syndromes

A

neurological

58
Q

t/f manipulating the ECS has shown experimental potential, but in human clinical trials has shown only mild to moderate use in treating pain, cancer-induced nausea and some neurological conditions

A

t

59
Q

what is Nabilone?

A

prescription THC analog

60
Q

what is Dronabinol?

A

prescription THC analog approved but unavailable in Canada

61
Q

what is Nabixols?

A

prescription THC/CBD botanical extract

62
Q

what is Epidiolex?

A

prescription CBD botanical extract not yet approved in Canada (I believe used for epilepsy)

63
Q

what is herbal cannabis?

A

dried plant and extracts available w/o an Rx under the cannabis act

64
Q

t/f patients can receive herbal cannabis under the Cannabis act

A

t

65
Q

t/f patients receiving medical cannabis required authorization from HCP

A

t

66
Q

t/f most cannabis is not covered by health insurance

A

t

67
Q

nabilone and donabinol are delivered by what route?

A

oral

68
Q

what is the administration route for noabixols?

A

oromucosal (ex; sublingual spray)

69
Q

what are the routes cannabis products can be administered?

A

oral, oromucusal, smokes, vaporized, other (topical, tinctures)

70
Q

nabilone 0.25-1.0mg capsules are approved in Canada for what indication?

A

Cancer-induced nausea and vomiting

71
Q

Nabiximols are approved in Canada for what indications?

A

MS-associated neuropathic pain, spasticity and advanced cancer pain

72
Q

Epidiolex is approved in the US for what indications?

A

seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Dravet syndrome, or tuberous sclerosis complex

73
Q

t/f medical cannabis cannot make health claims

A

t

74
Q

for who is cannabis contraindicated?

A
  1. youth under 25
  2. history of unstable CVD
  3. psychosis, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder
  4. pregnancy / breastfeeding
  5. history of substance abuse
  6. dementia
75
Q

what is cannabis syndrome?

A

a problematic pattern of cannabis use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress

76
Q

what are the clinical features of cannabis use syndrome?

A

poor functioning, use interferes w/ productive activities, demanding Rx, withdrawal symptoms, difficulty reducing use, other substance abuse, mood, anxiety, psychotic illness

.Pharmacology (55 decks)

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