Part 6 Flashcards
___________ seeks to understand the social meaning that shapes human behaviour.
A. Quantitative research
B. Ethnography
C. Symbolic interactionism
D. Quasi-experimental designs
C. Symbolic interactionism
Symbolic interactionism is an example of qualitative methodology that seeks to understand the social meaning that shapes human behaviour.
The use of multiple methods and the process whereby various forms of data are collected from different sources is called:
A. triangulation
B. qualitative
C. phenomenology
D. quasi-experimental
A. triangulation
Triangulation may be applied to one or more of the following: methodology, method, data and/or investigator. It can utilise both quantitative and qualitative paradigms and methods for data collection, for example, by obtaining data from key informant interviews (qualitative) and questionnaires (quantitative).
Individual factors that influence whether health professionals will implement evidence-based healthcare practice include:
A. personality, fitness levels, education and income
B. cognitive, behavioural, clinical and educational factors
C. cognitive, educational, attitudinal and motivational factors
D. age, ethnicity, gender and education
C. cognitive, educational, attitudinal and motivational factors
Individual factors that influence whether a health professional will use research to inform their practice includes: cognitive – decision-making processes and risk/benefit analysis; educational – learning styles; attitudinal – perceived behavioural control, self-efficacy; and motivational – the individual’s motivational stages and barriers.
Who was the founder of phenomenology?
A. Edmund Husserl
B. B F Skinner
C. Paul Arbon
D. Bernard Guerin
A. Edmund Husserl
Phenomenology began as a philosophical mode of enquiry in Continental Europe around the turn of the 20th century. Its acknowledged founder is the German philosopher Edmund Husserl (1859– 1938).
Informed consent, not doing harm, confidentiality and the right to withdraw are aspects of what part of research?
A. Methods
B. Ethics
C. Qualitative research
D. Phenomenology
B. Ethics
Throughout the world any research conducted on humans must conform to ethical codes or guidelines. The primary ethical consideration of any research involving humans is that of beneficence, or the principle that on balance the potential good resulting from research participation must outweigh the potential harm.
The application of knowledge in certain circumstances is a kind of research usually referred to as:
A. holistic
B. basic
C. scientific
D. applied
D. applied
Research can be either basic or applied. Basic research aims to develop new theory and/or knowledge, while applied research examines the application of knowledge in certain circumstances. A study of the factors that influence an individual’s decision to follow or disregard a recommended health treatment, for example, is basic research, and a randomised control trial (RCT) testing a new drug to treat cancer is an example of applied research.
Some qualitative methods include:
A. census, surveys and structured interviews
B. focus groups, interviews and participant observation
C. structured interviews, census and questionnaire
D. RCTs, focus groups and participant observation
B. focus groups, interviews and participant observation
Qualitative research utilises a range of methods and methodologies that facilitate the exploration of different phenomena, meaning and experience.
A research approach that suggests there is no objective reality is:
A. qualitative
B. quantitative
C. randomised control trial
D. applied
A. qualitative
Qualitative research takes a constructivist approach in which the individual constructs the meaning and interpretation of reality from their own experience.
A type of research that uses either quantitative or qualitative methods and is generally descriptive is known as:
A. experimental
B. interpretive
C. observational
D. applied
C. observational
Observational research utilises either quantitative or qualitative methods. They are less powerful for measuring associations; nevertheless, they are a valuable method for measuring the effects of non-modifiable risk factors, such as age or gender; of measuring the effects of exposures to which people cannot be ethically randomised, such as breastfeeding or environmental tobacco smoke; or for understanding social issues.
Phenomenology, ethnography, grounded theory and symbolic interactionism are types of what kind of research?
A. Quantitative
B. Qualitative
C. Applied
D. Experimental
B. Qualitative
In qualitative research, data are collected from observation and interview within a population, and describe the range of response as well as variation between responses.
What is the best research method to use?
A. Quantitative
B. Qualitative
C. Depends on the question being asked
D. None of the above
C. Depends on the question being asked
Various methods can be utilised to conduct research; the choice of method is driven by the methodology (or the philosophical and theoretical tradition that underpins the enquiry).
A research approach that uses qualitative methods and aims to describe, explore and seek understanding of human and social phenomena is known as:
A. experimental
B. interpretive and critical
C. observational and critical
D. basic and applied
B. interpretive and critical
Interpretative research is focused on understanding or creating meaning, while critical research has the additional goal of bringing about social and political change.
Basic research:
A. is a trial conducted before undertaking a larger study
B. uses the scientific approach
C. aims to develop new theory and/or knowledge
D. examines the application of knowledge in certain circumstances
C. aims to develop new theory and/or knowledge
Research can be either basic or applied. Basic research aims to develop new theory and/or knowledge, while applied research examines the application of knowledge in certain circumstances.
Statistical analysis is more often used in which type of research?
A. Quantitative
B. Qualitative
C. Narrative
D. Phenomenological
A. Quantitative
Quantitative research is steeped in the conventional scientific tradition. It involves the collection of data that are quantifiable and measurable and, therefore, can be analysed and interpreted numerically.
It is not essential for health professionals to understand research to be effective and competent clinicians.
A. True
B. False
B. False
Research is fundamental to the clinical practice of health professionals because it provides the evidence on which healthcare practice is based.
