Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PNLE Personal Reviewer > Part 5 - TBN: Mother Baby > Flashcards

Part 5 - TBN: Mother Baby Flashcards

1
Q

5 factors that affect the process of labor & birth

A

Passenger (fetus & placenta)
Passageway (the birth canal)
Position (position of the mother)
Powers (contractions)
Psychology (emotional response)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Fontanelles

A

Space between the bones of the skull allow for molding
- ANTERIOR
Diamond-shaped
Closes in 12–18 months
- POSTERIOR
Triangle shaped
Closes in 8–12 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Refers to the part of the fetus that enters the pelvic inlet first through the birth canal during labor.

A

Fetal Presentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Presenting Part:
Occipital (back of head/skull)
What’s first? Head

A

Cephalic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Presenting Part:
Sacrum
What’s first? Buttocks, feet, or both

A

Breech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Presenting Part: Scapula
What’s first: Shoulders

A

Shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fetal Attitude: Back of the fetus is rounded so that the chin is flexed on the chest, thighs are flexed on the abdomen, legs are flexed at the knees

A

General Flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fetal Attitude: 9.25 cm at term, the largest transverse diameter and an important indicator of fetal head size

A

Biparietal Diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Fetal Attitude: Most critical & smallest of the anteroposterior diameters

A

Suboccipitobregmatic Diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  • Where the baby’s presenting part is located in the pelvis
  • Measured in centimeters (cm)
A

Fetal Station

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Fetal station is at ZERO (meaning at the ischial spine) = baby is ENGAGED.

A

Engagement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Presenting parts have entered down into the pelvic inlet & are at the ischial spine line (0)

A

Engaged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When does engagement happen if NULLIPARA?

A

38 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When does engagement happen if MULTIPARA?

A

CAN happen when labor starts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Rigid/bony pelvis, soft tissue of cervix, pelvic floor, vagina & introitus

A

Birth Canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Classic female type of pelvis; most common

A

Gynecoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pelvis that resembles the male pelvis

A

Android

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Female pelvis that is oval-shaped; wider anteroposterior diameter

A

Anthropoid

18
Q

The flat pelvis; the least common.

A

Platypelloid

19
Q

Positions of the Mother During Birth

A

UPRIGHT POSITION
- Sitting on a birthing stool or cushion
“ALL FOURS” POSITION
- On all fours: putting your weight on your hands & feet or commonly on a medicine ball
LITHOTOMY POSITION
- Most common
- Supine position with buttocks on the table
- Most common in women who receive epidurals
LATERAL POSITION
- Lying on their side

20
Q

Gradual enlargement or widening of the cervical opening

A

Dilation

21
Q

Shortening & thinning of the cervix during the first stage of labor

A

Effacement

22
Q

When the stretch receptors release oxytocin, it triggers the maternal urge to bear down. She uses secondary powers to aid in the expulsion of the baby.

A

Ferguson Reflex

23
Q

Blue extremities

A

Acrocyanosis
- normal during first 24 hrs of birth

24
Q

What are the signs of respiratory distress in a newborn?

A

Retractions
Nasal flaring
Grunting

25
Q

Expected length

A

44-55 cm
17-22 in

26
Q

Expected weight

A

2,500-4,000 g
5 lb, 8 oz - 8 lb, 14 oz

27
Q

Head circumference

A

32-39 cm
14-15 in
*measure above eyebrows

28
Q

Chest circumference

A

30-36 cm
12-14 in
*measure above nipple line

29
Q

Causes of decreased temperature or heat loss

A

EVAPORATION - moisture from skin & lungs
CONVECTION - body heat to cooler air
CONDUCTION - body heat to a cooler surface in direct contact
RADIATION - body heat to a cooler object nearby

30
Q

Post-Delivery Newborn Medications

A

ERYTHROMYCIN OPHTHALMIC OINTMENT (Antibiotic Ointment)
- This is given to all newborns as a prophylaxis for ophthalmia neonatorum (conjunctivitis of the newborn)
- It’s required by law in the U.S
- ROUTE: Ophthalmic

VITAMIN K
- A newborn’s gut is sterile, meaning they do not have any intestinal flora that produce vitamin K until 7 days after birth
- Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting
- Given to all newborns to prevent hemorrhage & bleeding
- ROUTE: Intramuscularly in the vastus lateralis

HEPATITIS B VACCINE
- Given to immunize against hepatitis B virus (HBV)
- ROUTE: Intramuscularly in the vastus lateralis

31
Q
  • Typically taken in the newborn 24 hours after birth (should be done before discharge!)
  • Done to test for medical conditions such as Phenylketonuria (PKU), cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, etc.
A

Heelstick (Heel Puncture)

32
Q

Yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and/or sclera caused by ↑ bilirubin levels. Bilirubin is caused by the breakdown of red blood cells (RBCs).
- High levels of bilirubin in the blood.

A

Hyperbilirubinemia (jaundice)

33
Q

An abnormal jaundice that happens within the first 24 hours of life

A

Pathological Jaundice
- CAUSES:
Hemolytic disease
RH / ABO incompatibility
Premature infants (the liver is not fully developed)
Failure to pass meconium
Sepsis

34
Q

Treatment for Pathological Jaundice

A

Phototherapy: fluorescent light is used to convert the bilirubin to a water-soluble substance so it can be excreted by the body via stool or urine

35
Q

Complication of Pathological Jaundice

A

KERNICTERUS
The excess bilirubin (if untreated) can cause brain damage

36
Q

REFLEX: When the bottom of the foot is stroked from the heel upward, the big toe dorsiflexes (bends back) and the other toes spread out

A

Babinski Reflex
(Should disappear after 1 year of age)

37
Q

REFLEX: When the baby’s mouth is stroked, the baby will turn its head and open the mouth. This helps the baby fi nd the food source when feeding.

A

Rooting Reflex
(Should disappear after 3–4 months but can last up to a year)

38
Q

REFLEX: Can be triggered by a sudden loud noise or unexpected movement. The infant will extend the arms with palms up and then move the arms back to the body.

A

Moro Reflex (Startle Reflex)
(Should disappear after 6 months)

39
Q

REFLEX: When an infant is lying on its back and quickly turns its head to one side. The leg and arm on that side will extend, while the leg and arm on the opposite side will flex.

A

Tonic Neck Reflex (Fencing)
(Should disappear after 3-4 months)

40
Q

When a finger is touching the inside of the infant’s palm, the hand will close.

A

Palmar Grasp
(Response should lessen around 3–4 months)

41
Q

When a finger is placed or touching under the toes, the toes will curl

A

Plantar Grasp
(Response should lessen around 8 months)

42
Q
A

PNLE Personal Reviewer (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions