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PNLE Personal Reviewer > Part 3 - TBN: Mother Baby > Flashcards

Part 3 - TBN: Mother Baby Flashcards

1
Q

A non-invasive way to assess fetal wellbeing, specifically their heart rate and movements

A

Nonstress Test (NST)

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2
Q

What is considered as reactive in NST?

A

2 accelerations in 20 minutes

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3
Q

What does a reactive NST indicate?

A
  • Indicates fetal well being
  • Accelerations have been noted and are associated with movement
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4
Q

What are the reasons for nonreactive NST?

A
  • The fetus is sleeping
  • Certain medications (Example: narcotics)
  • Maternal smoking
  • Fetal malformations
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5
Q

Also called oxytocin challenge test (OCT).
A test to assess the fetal responses to contractions.

A

Contraction Stress Test (CST)

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6
Q

What does negative (negative for decelerations) mean in CST?

A

3 contractions in 10 minutes

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7
Q

What does positive (positive for decelerations) mean in CST?

A

Repetitive decelerations occurring for at least 50% of contractions, EVEN if < 3 occur in 10 min span

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8
Q

What happens if there is unsatisfactory or suspicious result during CST?

A

Test must be repeated within 24 hours

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9
Q

A noninvasive test that combines a nonstress test (NST) and a fetal ultrasound to assess fetal movements, fetal breathing movements, muscle tone, amniotic fluid index, and nonstress test?

A

Biophysical Profile (BPP)

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10
Q

What is the normal score for biophysical profile (BPP)?

A

8-10

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11
Q

What does the <8 score indicate in biophysical profile (BPP)?

A

Fetal Hypoxia

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12
Q

Fetal movements:
> 3 body/limb movement in 30 minutes

A

Score = 2

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13
Q

Fetal breathing movements (FBM):
> 1 episode of breathing movements of >30 seconds

A

Score = 2

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14
Q

Muscle tone: > 1 extension/fl exion

A

Score = 2

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15
Q

Amniotic fluid index (AFI): AFI > 5 cm or Pocket of fluid > 2 cm

A

Score = 2

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16
Q

Fetal movements:
< 3 body/limb movement in 30 minutes

A

Score = 0

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17
Q

Fetal breathing movements (FBM): No breathing movements or < 30 seconds of sustained breathing movements

A

Score = 0

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18
Q

Muscle tone: No movement, extension or flexion

A

Score = 0

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19
Q

Amniotic fluid index (AFI): AFI < 5 cm or No pockets of fluid > 2 cm

A

Score = 0

20
Q

A needle is inserted through the abdomen into the uterus under direct visualization through ultrasonography. Amniotic fluid is withdrawn from the uterus (amniotic fluid contains fetal cells).

A

Amniocentesis

21
Q

When is amniocentesis done?

A

After 14 weeks

22
Q

Why is amniocentesis done?

A
  • Testing for genetic disorders/congenital anomalies (Example: neural tube defects)
  • Assessment of fetal lung maturity (for amniocentesis)
23
Q

A needle is inserted (transcervical or transabdominal) to obtain a tissue sample from the fetus.

A

Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)

24
Q

When is chorionic villus sampling (CVS) done?

A

10-13 weeks

25
Q

Why is chorionic villus sampling (CVS) done?

A

Only done if there is a genetic concern.

26
Q

Pathology: During pregnancy, the baby’s blood does not typically enter the mother’s circulatory system and does not mix with her blood.

A

Rh Incompatibility during pregnancy

27
Q

Pathology: A rare condition where there is a benign proliferation of trophoblasts. Trophoblasts are normally what develops into the placenta.

A

Hydatidiform Mole (Molar Pregnancy)

28
Q

A molar pregnancy that:
- Comes from a fertilized egg, but the nucleus was lost or inactivated.
- Has no fetal parts, amniotic sac, or membranes

A

Complete Mole

29
Q

A type of molar pregnancy that:
- Comes from one normal ovum that is fertilized.
- Has fetal parts & an amniotic sac

A

Partial Mole

30
Q

Early sign of Molar Pregnancy

A

Asymptomatic

31
Q

Later signs of molar pregnancy

A
  • Vaginal bleeding
  • Excessive nausea & vomiting (due to increased hCG)
  • Anemia (from blood loss)
  • Abdominal cramping
  • Preeclampsia
32
Q

Placenta attaches too deep into the uterine wall (A little penetration of the myometrium).

A

Placenta Accreta

33
Q

Myometrium is Invaded (Deep penetration of the myometrium).

A

Placenta Increta

34
Q

Myometrium is penetrated. Placenta grows through uterine wall & may attach to anything on the other side (bladder/intestines) (Perforation of the uterus) .

A

Placenta Percreta

35
Q

Abruptio Placenta characteristics

A
  • Detachment issue
  • Dark red blood
  • May be concealed bleeding
  • Abdominal pain & uterine tenderness
  • Fetal distress (placenta has come off the uterine wall)
36
Q

Placenta Previa Characteristics

A
  • Attachment issue (the placenta attaches low in the uterus)
  • Bright red blood
  • Visible bleeding
  • Painless and nontender uterus
  • Typically will have a normal fetal heart rate
37
Q

Pathology: Hypertension & proteinuria after 20 weeks gestation in a pregnant
woman who previously had a normal blood pressure.

A

Preeclampsia

38
Q

Triad signs of preeclampsia

A

Proteinuria
Rising BP
Edema

39
Q

Signs and symptoms of proteinuria

A
  • Severe headache
  • RUQ or epigastric pain
  • Visual disturbances
  • ↓ Urine output
  • Clonus (hyperactive reflexes)
  • Rapid weight gain
40
Q

Medication to prevent eclampsia (seizures)

A

Magnesium sulfate

41
Q

Risk factors for developing preeclampsia

A
  • History of:
    Preeclampsia in previous pregnancies
    Family that had preeclampsia
  • 1st pregnancy
  • Obesity
  • Younger (< 18) & older (> 35)
  • Medical conditions
    (Chronic HTN, renal disease,
    diabetes, autoimmune disease)
42
Q

What is the cure for preeclampsia?

A

Preeclampsia will resolve after the placenta has been expelled.

43
Q

Signs of False Labor

A
  • Contractions are IRREGULAR
  • Stops with walking/position change (Stops with comfort measure)
  • Felt in the the abdomen above the umbilicus
  • No significant changes in: Effacement, Dilation
  • In posterior position: baby’s head facing mom’s front of belly
44
Q

Signs of True Labor

A
  • Contractions are REGULAR (they get stronger, longer & closer together as time goes on)
  • More intense with walking (Continues despite the use of comfort measures)
  • Felt in lower back
  • Significant changes in:
  • Effacement
  • Dilation
  • Can cause bloody show
  • In anterior position: baby’s head facing mom’s back
45
Q
A

PNLE Personal Reviewer (13 decks)

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