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PT boards > Part 5 > Flashcards

Part 5 Flashcards

1
Q

describe the types of RD when referring to faradic

A

partial RD has a slight response
total RD has no response
absolute RD has no response

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2
Q

RD

A

reaction of degeneration, a lower motor neuron lesion
indicates the extent of damage to a lower motor neuron
AKA: de-nervation of a muscle (LMNL)

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3
Q

describe the types of RD when referring to galvanic

A

partial RD is greater than faradic or normal
total RD has an athetoid response (vermicular)
absolute RD has no response

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4
Q

what is the prognosis with partial RD?

A

recovery in 2 weeks

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5
Q

what is the prognosis with total RD?

A

recovery in 3 weeks to 1 year

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6
Q

what is the prognosis with absolute RD?

A

no recovery

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7
Q

lower motor neuron

A

from the anteiror horn cells to the myo-neurojunction

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8
Q

EMG

A

a method of determining the extent of neuromuscular damage using an electrial device as the stimulus while recording the response on a graph

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9
Q

describe RD reaction to EMG

A

no response to tetanizing current (brief impulses)

sluggish response to direct current (long stimulus)

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10
Q

describe the treating pads for EMG

A

active or treating: small enough for stimulation of a particular area or muscle to be treated
dispersive or indifferent: large enough so as not to have a stimulating effect (diluting effect)

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11
Q

iontophoresis

A

soluble ionic salts are introduced into the body tissues by electrical means
used with Galvanic therapy

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12
Q

galvanic electrode size

A

active small enough for stimulation of particular msucle or muscles being treated
dispersive electrode should be large enough so as not to have stimulation of the muscle (diluting effect)

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13
Q

galvanic electrode placement

A

good contact with skin

complete moistening of electrodes

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14
Q

physiologic effects of high volt

A

pain control (opiate system)
reduction of edema
muscle spasm reduction
muscle exercise

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15
Q

when do you release endorphines with high volt?

A

chronic pain (low and slow, 0-20 min)

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16
Q

when do you release enkephalins with ihg volt?

A

acute pain (80-150, high and fast)

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17
Q

indications for high volt

A 
musculoskeletal pain
muscle spams
acut and subacute edema
muscle atrophy
rehabilitate weaken muscle
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18
Q

contraindications of high volt

A

all general electrical contraindications
over the heart, pacemakers
low back and abdomen during pregnancy

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19
Q

is decreased sensation a contraindications for high volt?

A

no

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20
Q

action for TENS

A

gat pain control

opiate pain control

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21
Q

physiological effects of TENS

A 
pain control
stimulate A beta fibers
stimulate enkephalin/endorphin release
blocks A delta fibers
blocks C fibers
22
Q

who were the developers of the TENS unit?

A

Melzack and wall

23
Q

A beta fibers

A

largest, fastest, high myelinated, saltatory conduction

for proprioception

24
Q

A delta fibers

A

smaller, slower, slight myelination, no saltatory conduction

for temperature, pressure, deep and light touch, some pain

25
Q

C fibers

A

smallest, slowest, no myelin

for pain

26
Q

indications for TENS

A

all pain types except visceral

27
Q

setting for gait pain on TENS

A

100 pps

28
Q

contraindications for TENS

A

all regular contraindications for electrical

29
Q

TENS and pregnancy

A

don’t use during preganncy

can be used at delivery

30
Q

penetration of TENS

A

superficial

31
Q

dosage of TENS

A

minutes to hours, skin irritaiton with long use

32
Q

pad placement for TENS

A 
painful site
dermatomal
peripheral nerve
trigger point
motor point
acupuncture point
contralateral (for phantom limb pain)
33
Q

action for interferential

A

electrokinetic

pain control

34
Q

physiological effects of interferential

A

muscle contraction
edema reduction
pain control

35
Q

indications for interferential

A

acute injuries
swelling
muscle spasm
muscle atrophy

36
Q

interferential contraindications

A

general electrical modality contraindications

37
Q

interferential penetration

A

deep (intra-articular)

38
Q

describe medium frequency for interferential

A

old (4000-10,000 Hz)

new (2000-10,00 Hz)

39
Q

describe russian stimulation frequency

A

10 second on, 50 seconds off

40
Q

dosage for interferential

A

20-30 minutes
to release enkephalins- 70 and greater
endorphins- 1-10

41
Q

name the types of russian stimulation

A

premodulation/bipolar setting
10/50 cycle (10 on, 50 off)
isometric contraction during 10 seconds tof stimulation
isometric done at mid ROM

42
Q

indications for russian stim

A

symmetry, girth

43
Q

when should vectoring be on or off?

A

on- large treatment area

off- small treatment area

44
Q

modulation

A

constant changing of the treating frequency equals decreased accommodation

45
Q

modulation frequency

A

medium 2000-10,000 hx
deep penetration
verty comfortable
beat or treating frequency (low frequency 1-2000 Hz)

46
Q

action of microcurrent

A

healing effect

pain control

47
Q

physiologic effect of microcurrent

A

increase ATP
increase amino acids (protein synthesis)
decrease pain

48
Q

indications for microcurrent

A

musculoskeletal injuries

49
Q

contraindications for microcurrent

A

all generall electrical modality contraindications

50
Q

microcurrent settings

A

frequcncy- below 1Hz (0.5-0.3 Hz)
intensity- below patient perception
tissue healing 200 and 800 microamps

51
Q

action for cold laser

A

decrease inflammation

decrease pain

52
Q

intensity settings

A

below patient perception- microcurrent
patient perception- pain control
paiteint twitch- endorphins
patient comfort or tolerance- muscle contraction

PT boards (5 decks)

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