Part 5 Flashcards
describe the types of RD when referring to faradic
partial RD has a slight response
total RD has no response
absolute RD has no response
RD
reaction of degeneration, a lower motor neuron lesion
indicates the extent of damage to a lower motor neuron
AKA: de-nervation of a muscle (LMNL)
describe the types of RD when referring to galvanic
partial RD is greater than faradic or normal
total RD has an athetoid response (vermicular)
absolute RD has no response
what is the prognosis with partial RD?
recovery in 2 weeks
what is the prognosis with total RD?
recovery in 3 weeks to 1 year
what is the prognosis with absolute RD?
no recovery
lower motor neuron
from the anteiror horn cells to the myo-neurojunction
EMG
a method of determining the extent of neuromuscular damage using an electrial device as the stimulus while recording the response on a graph
describe RD reaction to EMG
no response to tetanizing current (brief impulses)
sluggish response to direct current (long stimulus)
describe the treating pads for EMG
active or treating: small enough for stimulation of a particular area or muscle to be treated
dispersive or indifferent: large enough so as not to have a stimulating effect (diluting effect)
iontophoresis
soluble ionic salts are introduced into the body tissues by electrical means
used with Galvanic therapy
galvanic electrode size
active small enough for stimulation of particular msucle or muscles being treated
dispersive electrode should be large enough so as not to have stimulation of the muscle (diluting effect)
galvanic electrode placement
good contact with skin
complete moistening of electrodes
physiologic effects of high volt
pain control (opiate system)
reduction of edema
muscle spasm reduction
muscle exercise
when do you release endorphines with high volt?
chronic pain (low and slow, 0-20 min)
when do you release enkephalins with ihg volt?
acute pain (80-150, high and fast)
indications for high volt
musculoskeletal pain muscle spams acut and subacute edema muscle atrophy rehabilitate weaken muscle
contraindications of high volt
all general electrical contraindications
over the heart, pacemakers
low back and abdomen during pregnancy
is decreased sensation a contraindications for high volt?
no
action for TENS
gat pain control
opiate pain control
physiological effects of TENS
pain control stimulate A beta fibers stimulate enkephalin/endorphin release blocks A delta fibers blocks C fibers
who were the developers of the TENS unit?
Melzack and wall
A beta fibers
largest, fastest, high myelinated, saltatory conduction
for proprioception
A delta fibers
smaller, slower, slight myelination, no saltatory conduction
for temperature, pressure, deep and light touch, some pain
C fibers
smallest, slowest, no myelin
for pain
indications for TENS
all pain types except visceral
setting for gait pain on TENS
100 pps
contraindications for TENS
all regular contraindications for electrical
TENS and pregnancy
don’t use during preganncy
can be used at delivery
penetration of TENS
superficial
dosage of TENS
minutes to hours, skin irritaiton with long use
pad placement for TENS
painful site dermatomal peripheral nerve trigger point motor point acupuncture point contralateral (for phantom limb pain)
action for interferential
electrokinetic
pain control
physiological effects of interferential
muscle contraction
edema reduction
pain control
indications for interferential
acute injuries
swelling
muscle spasm
muscle atrophy
interferential contraindications
general electrical modality contraindications
interferential penetration
deep (intra-articular)
describe medium frequency for interferential
old (4000-10,000 Hz)
new (2000-10,00 Hz)
describe russian stimulation frequency
10 second on, 50 seconds off
dosage for interferential
20-30 minutes
to release enkephalins- 70 and greater
endorphins- 1-10
name the types of russian stimulation
premodulation/bipolar setting
10/50 cycle (10 on, 50 off)
isometric contraction during 10 seconds tof stimulation
isometric done at mid ROM
indications for russian stim
symmetry, girth
when should vectoring be on or off?
on- large treatment area
off- small treatment area
modulation
constant changing of the treating frequency equals decreased accommodation
modulation frequency
medium 2000-10,000 hx
deep penetration
verty comfortable
beat or treating frequency (low frequency 1-2000 Hz)
action of microcurrent
healing effect
pain control
physiologic effect of microcurrent
increase ATP
increase amino acids (protein synthesis)
decrease pain
indications for microcurrent
musculoskeletal injuries
contraindications for microcurrent
all generall electrical modality contraindications
microcurrent settings
frequcncy- below 1Hz (0.5-0.3 Hz)
intensity- below patient perception
tissue healing 200 and 800 microamps
action for cold laser
decrease inflammation
decrease pain
intensity settings
below patient perception- microcurrent
patient perception- pain control
paiteint twitch- endorphins
patient comfort or tolerance- muscle contraction
